Probable trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en la pandemia COVID-19: valoración en médicos generales del Caribe colombiano
PDF

Palabras clave

trastornos de ansiedad
ansiedad de desempeño
miedo
estrés psicológico
infecciones por coronavirus
médicos generales

Cómo citar

Monterrosa-Castro, Álvaro ., Buelvas-de-la-Rosa, C. ., & Ordosgoitia-Parra, E. . (2021). Probable trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en la pandemia COVID-19: valoración en médicos generales del Caribe colombiano. Duazary, 18(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3890

Resumen

La pandemia del COVID-19 es la más reciente en la historia de la humanidad, caracterizada por elevadas implicaciones en términos de mortalidad, morbilidad física y psicológica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar pensamientos, percepciones, sentimientos, subjetividades y actuaciones con referencia al desempeño médico y la pandemia del COVID-19, así como estimar su asociación con probables trastornos de ansiedad generalizada [TAG]. Se realizó un estudio transversal en médicos generales del Caribe colombiano, por medio de invitación y participación electrónica para diligenciar un formulario que contenía características sociodemográficas y 41 interrogantes sobre pensamientos, sentimientos, percepciones, subjetividades o actuaciones relacionadas con el COVID-19, tomadas de una lluvia de ideas sobre pandemias y salud mental. Se aplicó Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale [GAD-7] para identificar probable TAG. Se realizó regresión logística no ajustada. Participaron 294 médicos generales, 59,6% femeninas, el 83% laboraba en capitales de departamentos. El 38,4% presentó TAG y más de la mitad manifestó temor al COVID-19. A la presencia de TAG se asociaron los síntomas: estrés, nerviosismo, temor, cansancio, síntomas virales, incomodidad con respecto a la pandemia, decepción laboral y percepción de discriminación. A menor presencia de TAG se asociaron.
https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3890
PDF

Citas

Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020 April;10(2):102-108. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001

Lake MA. What we know so far: COVID-19 current clinical knowledge and research. Clin Med (Lond). 2020 Mar;20(2):124-127. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2019-coron

PAHO/WHO. WHO characterizes COVID-19 as a pandemic [Internet]. Ginebra. [consultado 2020 abril 17]. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15756:who-characterizes-covid-19-as-a-pandemic&Itemid=1926&lang=en

World Health Organization. Coronavirus (CoV) [Internet.] Ginebra. [Consultado 2020 abril 20]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/coronavirus#tab=tab_1

World Health Organization. Emergencies preparedness, response. Novel Coronavirus-China. [Internet.] Ginebra. [consultado 2020 abril 19]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/

World Health Organization. Strengthening health security by implementing the International Health Regulations. [Internet.] Ginebra. [Consultado 2020 abril 17]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-are-the-international-health-regulations-and-emergency-committees

Accini-Mendoza JL, Beltrán N, Nieto-Estrada VH, Ramos-Bolaños E, Pizarro-Gómez C, Rebolledo CE, et al. Declaration of consensus in critical medicine for multidisciplinary care of the patient with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of covid-19. Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo. 2020. Disponible online: 17 April 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acci.2020.04.003

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Stress and coping. [Internet]. [Consultado 2020 abril 17]. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). How to protect yourself & others. [Internet]. [Consultado 2020 abril 17]. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html

Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020 Mar 14;395(10227):912-920. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Mohindra RRR, Suri V, Bhalla A, Singh SM. Issues relevant to mental health promotion in frontline health care providers managing quarantined/isolated COVID19 patients. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020 Jun;51:102084. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102084

Khalid I, Khalid TJ, Qabajah MR, Barnard AG, Qushmaq I. Healthcare workers emotions, perceived stressors and coping strategies during a MERS-CoV outbreak. Clin Med Res. 2016 Mar;14(1):7-14. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2016.1303

Verma S, Mythily S, Chan YH, Deslypere JP, Teo EK, Chong S. Post-SARS psychological morbidity and stigma among general practitioners and traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2004 Nov;33(6):743-748. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15608831/

Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in january and february 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020 Mar 5;26:e923549. Doi: https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549

Shultz JM, Althouse BM, Baingana F, Cooper JL, Espinola M, Greene MC, et al. Fear factor: The unseen perils of the Ebola outbreak. Bull At Sci. 2016;72(5):304-310. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2016.1216515

Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Mar 2;3(3):e203976. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976

Thibaut F. Anxiety disorders: a review of current literature. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017 Jun;19(2):87-88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28867933/

Academia Nacional de Medicina de México [ANMM]. El trastorno de ansiedad generalizada. Clínica Terapéutica de la Academia Nacional de Medicina. 2012;21(3):1-2. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/facmed/v56n4/v56n4a9.pdf

Dunsmoor JE, Paz R. Fear generalization and anxiety: behavioral and neural mechanisms. Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Sep 1;78(5):336-343. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.010

Dymond S, Dunsmoor JE, Vervliet B, Roche B, Hermans D. Fear generalization in humans: systematic review and implications for anxiety disorder research. Behav Ther. 2015 Sep;46(5):561-82. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.10.001

Beard C, Björgvinsson T. Beyond generalized anxiety disorder: psychometric properties of the GAD-7 in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample. J Anxiety Disord. 2014 Aug;28(6):547-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.002

García-Campayo J, Zamorano E, Ruiz MA, Pardo A, Pérez-Páramo M, López-Gómez V, et al. Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010;8:8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-8-8

El Espectador.com En Colombia hay un médico por cada 846 habitantes. Prensa (Colombia) 27 Febrero-2012. [Internet]. [Consultado 2020 abril 17]. Disponible en: https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/salud/colombia-hay-un-medico-cada-846-habitantes-articulo-329003

López L. El país necesita más personal en salud. Prensa (Colombia) 24 mayo-2018. [Internet]. [Consultado 2020 abril 17]. Disponible en: https://www.elcolombiano.com/colombia/salud/el-pais-necesita-mas-personal-en-salud-NC8747438

Sánchez AM. Por cada 1.000 habitantes en Colombia, hay alrededor de 1,5 médicos generales. Prensa (Colombia) 25 de marzo de 2020. [Internet]. [Consultado 2020 abril 17]. Disponible en: https://www.larepublica.co/economia/por-cada-1000-habitantes-en-colombia-hay-aproximadamente-15-medicos-generales-2982596

República de Colombia. Ministerio de Salud. Resolución 8430 de 1993. [Internet]. [Consultado 2020 abril 17]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/RESOLUCION-8430-DE-1993.PDF

Pryluka D, Lopardo G, Daciuk L, Stecher D, Bonvehi P. Severe acute respiratory disease in health-care workers during the influenza H1N1 pandemic in Argentina. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2013 Jan 15;7(1):36-40. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2368

Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, Li L. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Apr 4;288:112936. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936

Chen Q, Zhang Y, Zhuang D, Mao X, Mi G, Wang D, et al. Health anxiety in medical employees: A multicentre study. J Int Med Res. 2019 Oct;47(10):4854-4861. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177 / 0300060519872310

Adib Ibrahim M, Abdul Aziz A, Suhaili NA, Zahid Daud A, Naing L, Abdul Rahman H. A Study into psychosocial work stressors and health care productivity. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2019 Oct;10(4):185-193. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2019.1610

Dewa CS, Loong D, Bonato S, Thanh NX, Jacobs P. How does burnout affect physician productivity? A systematic literature review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014 Jul 28;14(325):1-10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-325

Erdur B, Ergin A, Turkcuer I, Parlak I, Ergin N, Boz B. A study of depression and anxiety among doctors working in emergency units in Denizli, Turkey. Emerg Med J. 2006 Oct;23(10):759-63. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2006.035071

Daniels K, Swartz L. Understanding health care workers' anxieties in a diversifying world. PLoS Med. 2007 Nov 13;4(11):e319. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040319

Kwiatosz-Muc M, Fijałkowska-Nestorowicz A, Fijałkowska M, Aftyka A, Kowalczyk M. Stress prevalence and stressors among anesthesiology and intensive care unit workers: A multicentre survey study. Aust Crit Care. 2018 Nov;31(6):391-395. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2017.11.001

Bonet J. A short review of four key physiopathological mechanisms for psychosomatic medicine. [Article in Spanish]. Vertex. 2019 May-Jun;(145):185-194.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339080857_A_short_review_of_four_key_physiopathological_mechanisms_for_psychosomatic_medicine

Matsuishi K, Kawazoe A, Imai H, Ito A, Mouri K, Kitamura N, et al. Psychological impact of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 on general hospital workers in Kobe. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012 Jun;66(4):353-360. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02336.x

Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, Bennett J, Peladeau N, Leszcz M, et al. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. CMAJ. 2003 May 13;168(10):1245-1251. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154178/

Chua SE, Cheung V, Cheung C, McAlonan GM, Wong JW, Cheung EP, et al. Psychological effects of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk health care workers. Can J Psychiatry. 2004 Jun;49(6):391-393. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370404900609

Lermann W. The Man and his epidemics through the History. Rev Chile Infectol. 2003;20(Supp 2):13-17. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182003020200003

Garcia R. Neurobiology of fear and specific phobias. Learn Mem. 2017 Aug 16;24(9):462-471. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.044115.116

Galeano D. Médicos y policías durante la epidemia de fiebre amarilla (Buenos Aires, 1871). Salud colectiva. 2009;5:107-120. https://www.scielosp.org/article/scol/2009.v5n1/107-120/

Amariles P1, Granados J2, Ceballos M2, Montoya CJ. COVID-19 in Colombia endpoints. Are we different, like Europe? Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020 Mar 31. pii: S1551-7411(20)30287-4. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.013

Kozlowska K, Walker P, McLean L, Carrive P. Fear and the defense cascade: clinical implications and management. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2015 Jul-Aug;23(4):263-87. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065

Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;7(3):e14. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X

Arenas MC, Puigcerver A. Diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los trastornos de ansiedad: una aproximación psicobiológica. Escritos de Psicología. 2009;3(1):20-29.http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1989-38092009000300003

Helpguideorg international [HelpGuide]. Coronavirus anxiety: coping with stress, fear, and worry. [Internet.] Estados Unidos. [Consultado 2020 abril 19]. Disponible en: https://www.helpguide.org/articles/anxiety/coronavirus-anxiety.htm

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.