Risk of major depressive (MDR) episode in Colombian adults: Frequency and some associated variables during the COVID-19 pandemic
PDF

Keywords

COVID-19
Depression
Risk factors
Social capital
Cross-sectional studies

How to Cite

Caballero-Domínguez, C. C. ., Braga Silveira, L. M. de O., & Fuentes-López, C. M. (2023). Risk of major depressive (MDR) episode in Colombian adults: Frequency and some associated variables during the COVID-19 pandemic. Duazary, 20(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.5105

Abstract

The MDR a public health problem. Objective: To determine the frequency of MDR and its association with sociodemographic variables and cognitive social capital in Colombian adults during COVID-19 confinement. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using an online questionnaire that explored demographic variables, cognitive social capital, and MDR (General Well-being Index, WHO-5). Results: Seven hundred adults answered the questionnaire. They were between 18 and 76 years old (M= 37.1, SD=12.7), 32.1% were between 18 and 28 years old, 68% were women, 24.0% scored for low social capital, and 61.1% were categorized as high MDR. Female gender (OR=1.58, 95%CI 1.12-2.22), young age (18-29 years, OR=3.82; 95%CI 2.56-5.72), and low social capital (OR=2.05, 95%CI 1.37-3.07) were associated with MDR. Conclusions: The frequency of MDR was high and was associated with the female gender, young age (18 to 28 years), and low social capital. It is necessary to corroborate these findings in a probabilistic sample of Colombians and, more frequently, to quantify social capital in research.
https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.5105
PDF

References

Song K, Xu R, Stratton T, Kavcic V, Luo D, Hou F, et al. Sex differences and psychological stress: Responses to the COVID-19 epidemic in China. BMC Public Health, 21(1):1-8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.29.20084061

Brooks S, Webster R, Smith L, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. “The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence.” The Lancet. 2020; 395(10227): 912-920. Doi: phttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Holmes E, O'Connor R, Perry V, Tracey I. Wessely S, Arseneault L, et al. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(6): 547-560. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1

Caballero-Domínguez CC, Campo-Arias A. Problemas de salud mental en la sociedad: Un acercamiento desde el impacto del COVID 19 y de la cuarentena. Duazary. 2020; 17(3): 1-3. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3467

Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho C, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17: 1729. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729

Valiente C, Vázquez C, Peinado V, Contreras A, Trucharte A. Estudio nacional representativo de las respuestas de los ciudadanos de España ante la crisis de Covid-19: Respuestas psicológicas. (Informe Técnico 2.0. 02/05/2020). Universidad Complutense de Madrid & Universidad de Sheffield, 2020. https://www.ucm.es/tribunacomplutense/revcul/tribunacomplutense/doc24997.pdf

Shevlin M, McBride O, Murphy J, Miller-Gibson J, Hartman T, Levita L. Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress, and COVID-19 related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open. 2020; 6(6); 1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.109

Hyland P, Shevlin M, McBride O, Murphy J, Karatzias T, Bentall RP, et al. Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2020; 42(3): 249-256. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13219

Sánchez SM, Rivera-Montero D, Murad-Rivera R, Calderón-Jaramillo M, Roldán D, Castaño LM et al. Estudio SOLIDARIDAD: Cambios de comportamientos, higiene y expectativas luego de la cuarentena para controlar COVID-19 en Colombia: Encuesta poblacional entre 1 – 13 de septiembre de 2020. Documento

de trabajo. Peprints. 2020. Bogotá: Profamilia. Doi: https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35275.00806

Behera P, Gupta SK, Nongkynrih B, Kant S, Mishra AK, Sharan P. Screening instruments for assessment of depression. INJMS. 2017; 8(1): 31-37. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injms.2016.11.003

Whooley MA. Screening for depression—a tale of two questions. JAMA Intern Med. 2016; 176(4): 436-438. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.8493

Reger MA, Stanley IH, Joiner TE. Suicide mortality and coronavirus disease in 2019 a perfect storm? JAMA Psychiatry. 2020; 77 (11): 1093-1094. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1060

Mak I, Chung C, Pan PC, You MGC, Chan V. LLong-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009; 31(4): 318-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001

Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang YT, Liu Z, Hu S, et al. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(4): 17-18. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8

Wilson S, Vaidyanathan U, Miller MB, McGue M, Iacono WG. Premorbid risk factors for major depressive disorder: are they associated with early-onset and recurrent course? Dev Psychopathol. 2014; 26: 1477-1493. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414001151

Montesó-Curto P, Aguilar-Martín C. Depression according to age and gender: An analysis in a community. Aten Primaria. 2014; 46(3): 167-172. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2013.07.009

Montero I, Aparicio D, Gómez-Beneyto M, Moreno-Küstnerd B, Renesese B, Usallf J, et al. Género y salud mental en un mundo cambiante. Gaceta Sanitaria. 2014; 18 (1): 175-181. https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/gs/v18s1/05saludmental.pdf

Sato K, Naoki K, Katsunori K. Pre-pandemic individual-and community-level social capital and depressive symptoms during COVID-19: A longitudinal study of Japanese older adults in 2019-21. Health & Place. 2022; 74: 102772. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.102772

Sun-Qian NL. Social capital and mental health among older adults living in urban China in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17 (21): 7947. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217947

Garcia-Londoño JD. Alcances y limitaciones teóricas y prácticas del capital social en salud. El caso del sistema de salud en Medellín. Rev. Gerenc. Polit. Salud. 2013; 12 (24): 184-208.

d'Hombres B, Rocco L, Suhrcke M, McKee M. Does social capital determine health? Evidence from eight transition countries. Health Econ. 2009; 19(1): 56-74. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1445

Bassett E, Moore S. Social capital and depressive symptoms: The association of psychosocial and network dimensions of social capital with depressive symptoms in Montreal, Canada. Soc Sci Med. 2013; 86: 96-102, 2013. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.03.005

Cao W, Li L, Zhou X, Zhou C. Social capital and depression: Evidence from urban elderly in China. Aging Ment Health. 2014; 19(5): 418-429. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.948805

Hawe P, Shiell S. Social capital and health promotion: A review. Soc Sci Med. 2000; 51(6): 871-885. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00067-8

De Silva MJ, McKenzie K, Harpham T, Huttly SR. Social capital and mental illness: a systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005; 59(8): 619-627. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.029678

Almedom AM. Social capital and mental health: An interdisciplinary review of primary evidence. Soc Sci Med. 2005; 61(5): 943-964. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.025

World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki. WMA, 2018. https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/. Accessed: March 20th, 2020.

Hernández J. Selección del tamaño de muestra en estudios clínicos. Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología. 2006; 21(2): 118-121. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-99572006000200010

Scotto MG, Tobías-Garcés A. Accurate interpretation of point estimates, confidence intervals, and hypothesis tests in public health. Salud Pública Mex. 2003; 45 (6): 506-511. https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=16332

World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Wellbeing measures in primary health care/the DepCare Project: report on a WHO meeting: Stockholm, Sweden, 12–13 February 1998. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/349766

Campo-Arias A, Miranda-Tapia GA, CogolloZ, Herazo E. Reproducibilidad del Índice de Bienestar General (WHO-5 WBI) en estudiantes adolescentes. Salud

Uninorte. 2015; 31(1): 18-24. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-55522015000100004

Martin KS, Rogers BL, Cook JT, Joseph M. Social capital is associated with decreased risk of hunger. Soc Sci Med. 2004; 58(12): 2645-2654. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.09.026

Fernández JS, Leiva FM, Ríos JFM. Cómo mejorar la tasa de respuesta en encuestas on line?, ReE. 2009; 1(1): 42-55.

Greenland S. Modeling and variable selection in epidemiologic analysis. AJPH. 1989; 79(3): 340-349, 1989. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.79.3.340

Hosmer DW, Taber S, Lemeshow S. The importance of assessing the fit of logistic regression models: a case study. AJPH. 1991; 81(12): 1630-1635. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.81.12.1630

IBM-SPSS. Statistics for Windows, version 23.0” Armonk: SPSS. Inc., 2015.

Resolución 008430 por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud. 1993. Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/RESOLUCION-8430-DE-1993.PDF

Escobar S. Situación de salud mental en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá durante el aislamiento preventivo decretado en Colombia por la pandemia del COVID-19: Un análisis exploratorio. Tesis de Licenciatura, 2020. Medellín: Universidad East. Doi: https://repository.eafit.edu.co/handle/10784/17450

Pedrozo-Pupo JC, Campo-Arias A. Depression, perceived stress related to COVID, post-traumatic stress, and insomnia among asthma and COPD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chron Respir Dis. 2020; 17(1): 1-3. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1479973120962800

Caballero-Domínguez CC, Campo-Arias A. Prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation in Colombian Caribbean adolescent students. Omega (Westport). 2020; 85(4):837–849. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222820959929

Ramírez-Ortiz J, Castro-Quintero D, Lerma-Córdoba C, Yela-Ceballos F, Escobar-Córdoba F. Efectos del aislamiento social en el sueño durante la pandemia COVID-19. Preprints. 2020; 1: 1-21. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5554/22562087.e930

Rubin J. The psychological effects of quarantining a city. BMJ. 2020; 368: 313. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m313

Ariza-Sosa GR, Agudelo-Galeano JJ, Saldarriaga-Quintero LA, Ortega-Mosquera MC, Saldarriaga-Grisales DC. Crisis humanitaria de emergencia en Colombia por violencia contra las mujeres durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Rev. Fac. Derecho Cienc. Polit. 2021;51(134): 125-150. https://doi.org/10.18566/rfdcp.v51n134.a06

Ettman CK, Abdalla SM, Cohen GH, Sampson L, Vivier PM, Galea S. Prevalence of depression symptoms in US adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(9): e2019686. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamannetworkopen.2020.19686

Hernández-Ávila M, Garrido-Latorre F, López-Moreno S. Diseño de estudios epidemiológicos. Salud Pública de Mex. 2000; 42 (2): 144-154. https://www.scielosp.org/article/ssm/content/raw/?resource_ssm_path=/media/assets/spm/v42n2/2383.pdf

Tian F, Li H, Tian S, Yang J, Shao J, Tian C. Psychological symptoms of ordinary Chinese citizens based on SCL-90 during the level I emergency response to COVID-19. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 288: 112992. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112992

Gonzalez-Diaz JM, Lozano-Lesmes L, Campo-Arias A. Comment on "Mental health: why it still matters in the midst of a pandemic. Braz J Psychiatry. 2020; 62(5): 610-611. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0009

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han H. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507-513, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7

Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Bias and causal associations in observational research. Lancet. 2002; 359(9302): 248-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07451-2

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition). 2013. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. https://www.eafit.edu.co/ninos/reddelaspreguntas/Documents/dsm-v-guia-consulta-manual-diagnostico-estadistico-trastornos-mentales.pdf

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2023 Universidad Del Magdalena

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.