Keywords
climate change
public health
empathy
student
health occupations
Pre-Post Tests
public health
empathy
student
health occupations
Pre-Post Tests
How to Cite
Salazar-Ceballos, A. ., & Álvarez-Miño, L. . (2020). Empathy and perception of the risk of climate change in Health Cciences students. Duazary, 17(3), 10–24. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3317
Abstract
To determine the increase in levels of empathy and perception of the risk of climate change in university health students, a quasi-experimental study was carried out. The intervention was an educational strategy. Two groups of health science students were selected for convenience. Empathy levels were measured using the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale for health professions students’ version and from the Climate Change Risk Perception Survey as a threat to human health two items were measured: risk perception index and knowledge about health effects because of climate change. Statistical differences were found between pre and post-test (p <0.05). In the pre-test both groups presented high levels of empathy with an average of 107. For the post-test, the experimental group presented a statistically significant increase in empathy levels. Finally, statistically significant correlations were observed between global empathy and empathy factors: compassionate care and perspective taking; and beware of compassion and knowledge about the health effects of climate change. This work showed how an educational strategy can foster empathy in health students.References
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4. Caminade C, Kovats S, Rocklov J, Tompkins A, Morse A, Colón-González, Stenlund H, Martens Lloyd S. Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution. PNAS. 2014; 111 (9):3286-3291. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302089111
5. Olson S, Gangnon R, Elguero E, Durieux L, Guégan F, Foley J, and Patz J. Links between Climate, Malaria, and Wetlands in the Amazon Basin. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009; 15(4):659-662. Doi: https://doi:10.3201/eid1504.080822
6. Lama J, Seas C, León-Barúa R, Gotuzzo E, Sack R. Environmental temperatura, cholera, and acute diarrhoea in adults in Lima, Peru. J Health Popul Nutr. 2004; 22 (4):399-403. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15663172
7. Franchini M, Mannuccio P. Impact on human health of climate changes. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2015; 26: 1-5. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2014.12.008
8. Akil L, Ahmad HA, Reddy RS. Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2014;11(12):974-80. Doi: https://doi: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1802
9. Haines A, Kovats RS, Campbell-Lendrumb D, Corvalan C. Climate change and human health: Impacts, vulnerability and public health. Public Health. 2006; 120:585-6. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16798393
10. Oloukoi G, Bob U, Jaggernath J. Perception and trends of associated health risks with seasonal climate variation in Oke-Ogun region, Nigeria. Health & Place. 2014; 25: 47-55. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.09.009.
11. Pabón JD. Cambio climático en Colombia: tendencias en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y escenarios posibles para el siglo XXI. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 2012; 36 (139): 261-278. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0370-39082012000200010
12. García M, Piñeros A, Bernal F, Ardila E. Variabilidad climática, cambio climático y el recurso hídrico en Colombia. Revista de Ingeniería. 2012; 36: 60-64. Disponible en: https://ojsrevistaing.uniandes.edu.co/ojs/index.php/revista/article/view/136
13. Olivero-Verbel J. Colombia: Environmental Health Issues. En: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, from Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. 2011:740-754. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00395-0
14. Vallejo J. A Regional Strategy for Water Resource Management in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. Tropical Resources Bulletin. 2011; 30: 28-35. Disponible en: http://environment.yale.edu/tri/publications/tropical-resources-volume-30/
15. Calderon A, Harris J, Kirsch P. Health interventions used by mayor resource companies operating in Colombia. Resources Policy. 2016; 47:187-197. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.02.003
16. Salazar-Ceballos A, Freyle N, Tamara G, Álvarez-Miño L. Percepción sobre riesgo al cambio climático como una amenaza para la salud humana, Taganga, Santa Marta, 2014. Revista Luna Azul. 2016; 43: 102- 127. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2016.43.6.
17. Salazar-Ceballos A, Álvarez-Miño L, Muñoz-Sánchez EP, Carreño-Orozco JD, Rodríguez-Choles BH. Percepción del riesgo al cambio climático y sus efectos sobre la salud y enfermedades infecciosas en estudiantes universitarios, Santa Marta, Colombia, 2011. Rev Cuid. 2014; 5(1): 613-22. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S2216-09732014000100005&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es.
18. Samet JM, Woodward A. National Government Denial of Climate Change and State and Local Public Health Action in a Federalist System. American Journal of Public Health [Internet]. 2018 Apr [cited 2019 Sep 14];108(S2): S112–3. Disponible en : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29698096
19. Van Boven L, Ehret PJ, Sherman DK. Psychological Barriers to Bipartisan Public Support for Climate Policy. Perspectives on psychological science: a journal of the Association for Psychological Science [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Sep 14];13(4):492–507. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29961412
20. Häkkinen K, Akrami N. Ideology and climate change denial. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014; 70: 62–65. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.030
21. Jylhä KM, Akrami N. Social dominance orientation and climate change denial: The role of dominance and system justification. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015; 86:108–111. Doi: https://doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.041
22. Jylhä KM, Cantal C, Akrami N, Milfont TL. Denial of anthropogenic climate change: Social dominance orientation helps explain the conservative male effect in Brazil and Sweden. Personality and Individual Differences. 2016; 98:184–187. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.020
23. Del Canale S, Louis D, Maio V, Wang X, Rossi G, Hojat M, Gonnella J. The Relationship Between Physician Empathy and Disease Complications: An Empirical Study of Primary Care Physicians and Their Diabetic Patients in Parma, Italy. Acad Med. 2012; 87:1243–1249. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836852
24. Urday S, Ugald R, Arancibia Z, Díaz VP. Evaluación de los niveles de orientación empática en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Finis Terrae de Santiago, Chile. Rev. Clin. Periodoncia Implantol. Rehabil. Oral. 2013; 6(3): 130-133. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0719-01072013000300006
25. Sachs JD, Schmidt-Traub G, Mazzucato M, Messner D, Nakicenovic N, Rockström J. Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability. 2019. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0352-9
26. Schmidt-Traub G. Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [Internet]. Nature Research Sustainability Community. Springer Nature; 2019 [cited 2019 Sep 14]. Disponible en: https://sustainabilitycommunity.nature.com/users/276024-guido-schmidt-traub/posts/52751-six-transformations-to-achieve-the-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs
27. Markowitz E, Goldberg L, Ashton M, Lee K. Profiling the “pro-environmental individual”: a personality perspective. J Pers. 2012; 80 (1):81-111. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00721.x
28. Christov-Moore L, Simpson E, Coudé G, Grigaityte K, Lacoboni M, y Ferrari P. Empathy: gender effects in brain and behavior. Neurosci Behavior Rev. 2014; 46(Pt4); 604-627. Doi: https://doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.001
29. Wheeler H, Quinn C. Can Facebook aid sustainability? An investigation of empathy expression within the Humans of New York Blog. Sustainability. 2017; 9(6):1005. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9061005
30. Pratto F, Sidanius, J, Stallworth LM, Malle BF. Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994; 67(4): 741-763. Disponible en: https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3207711/sidanius_socialdominanceorientation.pdf?sequence=1
31. Kahriman I, Nural N, Arslan U, Topbas M, Can G, Kasim S. The Effect of Empathy Training on the Empathic Skills of Nurses. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016; 18(6): e24847. Doi: http//doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.24847
32. Nunes P, Williams S, Sa B, Stevenson K. A study of empathy decline in students from five health disciplines during their first year of training. International Journal of Medical Education. 2011; 2:12-17. Doi: https://doi:10.5116/ijme.4d47.ddb0
33. Williams B, Brown T, McKenna L, Palermo C, Morgan P, Nestel D, et al. Student empathy levels across 12 medical and health professions: an interventional study. Journal of Compassionate Health Care. 2015; 2:4. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40639-015-0013-4
34. Alcorta-Garza A, San-Martín M, Delgado-Bolton R, Soler-González J, Roig H, Vivanco L. Cross-Validation of the Spanish HP-Version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Confirmed with Some Cross-Cultural Differences. Front. Psychol. 2016; 7:1002. Doi: https://doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01002
35. Alonso LM, Caro S, Erazo AM, Díaz V. Evaluación de la orientación empática en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad del Norte, Barranquila (Colombia). Salud Uninorte. 2013; 29 (1): 22-33. Disponible en: ttp://rcientificas.uninorte.edu.co/index.php/salud/article/viewArticle/4751/3986
36. Madera-Anaya M, Tirado-Amador L, González-Martínez F. Factores relacionados con la empatía en estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad de Cartagena. Enferm Clin 2016; 26:282-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2016.06.004
37. Harris AD, McGregor, JC, Perencevich, EN, Furuno, JP, Zhu J, Peterson DE, & Finkelstein J. The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 2006; 13 (1): 16-23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1749
38. McLean, S. F. Case-Based Learning and its Application in Medical and Health-Care Fields: A Review of Worldwide Literature. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development. 2016; (3): 39-49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4137/JMECD.S20377
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