Intropica
Distribution of macroalgae and benthic invertebrates in the reef lagoons of Chinchorro Bank, Quintana Roo, Mexico
, Scientific and Technological Research Article

Distribution of macroalgae and benthic invertebrates in the reef lagoons of Chinchorro Bank, Quintana Roo, Mexico

Scientific and Technological Research Article
Published 2021-06-03
Alicia González-Solis
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Mérida, Yucatán, México
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4989-1129
Daniel Torruco
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN
Ángel Daniel Torruco-González
Universidad Vizcaya de las Américas, Campus Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-1837

Versions

pdf (Español (España))

Keywords

reef
reef invertebrate
macroalgae
distribution
dominance
Mexican Caribbean

How to Cite

González-Solis, A., Torruco, D., & Torruco-González, Ángel D. . (2021). Distribution of macroalgae and benthic invertebrates in the reef lagoons of Chinchorro Bank, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Intropica, 16(1), Postprint. Retrieved from https://revistas.unimagdalena.edu.co/index.php/intropica/article/view/3949
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver

Download Citation

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Abstract

In the context of obtaining an ecological description of the elements that make up Chinchorro Bank community, invertebrate and macroalgae data obtained in 2016 and 2017 through photographic transects in 36 sites of the reef lagoon were analyzed. The ecological indicators used were dominance, ecological diversity, cluster and spatial ordination analysis. The species with greater dominance in the reef lagoon were: Orbicella annularis and Agaricia agaricites for the hard corals, Pseudopterogorgia acerosa for the soft corals and Lobophora variegata for the macroalgae; these species represented more than 35 % of whole dominance in the reef lagoon. A diversity gradient south - north was observed. Given this gradient, the sample disposition and the results of the total cluster analysis, the lagoon was divided into South Central and North, which was analyzed with the same ecological descriptors of the total lagoon, to know the internal structure of each zone. This analysis showed strong separations and unions between different areas in each zone, especially with regard to the influence of winds and environmental pressures. The results are expected to serve as a basis for detailed studies that serve to define conservation areas priority in this reef.
pdf (Español (España))

References

Bak, R.P.M. 1977. Coral reefs and their zonation in Netherlands Antilles. In: Frost, S.H., Weiss, M.P. y Saunders J.B. Editores. Reef and related Carbonates ecology and sedimentology. American Association Petroleum Geology, Studies in Geology 4: 3 16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1306/St4393C1 .

Bayer, F.M. 1961. The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian Region. Martinus Nijoff, The Hague.

Bohnsack, J.A. 1979. Photographic quantitative sampling of hardbottom benthic communities. Bulletin of Marine Science 29: 242-252.

Briggs, J.C. 1974. Marine zoogeography. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Briggs, J.C. 1995. Global biogeography. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Cairns, S.D. y Kitahara, M.V. 2012. An illustrated key to the genera and subgenera of the recent azoxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) with an attached glossary. ZooKeys 227: 1-47.

Connell, J.H. 1975. Some mechanism producing structure in natural communities: A model and evidence from field experiment. In: Cody, M.L. y Diamond, J. Editor. Ecology and evolution of communities. Belknap Press, Cambridge.

Chávez, E. y E. Hidalgo. 1984. Spatial structure of benthic communities of Banco Chinchorro, México. En: Advances in reefscience. Joint Meeting I.S.R.S. and Atoll Reef Comm. Univesity of Miami, Miami.

Connell, J.H. 1976. Competitive interaction and the species diversity of coral. In: Mackie, G.O. Editor. Colenterate ecology and behaviour. Plenum Press, New York.

Darwin, Ch. 2006. La estructura y distribución de los arrecifes de coral. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid.

Díaz, J.M., Sánchez, J. A. y Díaz-Pulido, G. 2000. Distribution and structure of the Southernmost Caribbean coral reef: Golfo de Urabá, Colombia. Scientia Marina 64(3): 327-336. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2000.64n3327.

Duran, A., Shanz, A.A., Burkepile, D.E., Collado-Vides, L., Ferrer, V.M., Palma, L., Ramos, A. y González-Díaz, P. 2018. Fishing, pollution, climate change, and the long-term decline of coral reef off Havana, Cuba. Bulletin of Marine Science 94(2): 213-228. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2017.1061.

Ferrari, R., González-Rivero, M. y Mumby, P. J. 2012. Size matters in competition between corals and macroalgae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 467:77-88. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09953.

Gaby-Hukubun, W., Munirah-Remir, N. y Delvis-Kapelle, I.V. 2016. The influence of physical and chemical factors to coral reef ecosystem on coastal waters Village Eri, outer Ambon Bay. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science 5(3): 28-36. Doi: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20160503.11.

Gauch, H.G.Jr., Whittaker, R.H. y Singer, S.B. 1981. A comparative study of non-metric ordinations. Journal of Ecology 69:135 152. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2259821.

Gómez, P. 1992. Esponjas marinas (Porifera) de la Reserva de la Biosfera de SianKa'an. En: Navarro, D. y Suárez, E. Editores. Diversidad biológica en la Reserva de la Biosfera de Sian Ka'an, Quintana Roo, México. CIQRO, Chetumal.

González-Solis, M.A, Torruco, D., Liceaga, M. y Ordaz, J. 2003. The shallow and deep bathymetry of the Chinchorro Bank reef in the Mexican Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science 73(1): 15-22.

González, A., Torruco, D. y Corbalá, A. 2004. Morfometría de una población inusual de Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Banco Chinchorro y su relación con el ambiente. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 55st Annual Meeting Xel-Ha 491-505.

González-Solis, M.A, Torruco, D. y Torruco-González, A.D. 2018. Biodiversidad de macroalgas en arrecifes coralinos de la Sonda de Campeche, el Caribe Mexicano y Belice. Gayana Botánica 57(1): 501-511. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432018000100501.

Guzmán, H.M. y Cortés, J. 1985. Organismos de los arrecifes coralinos de Costa Rica IV. Descripción y distribución geográfica de octocoralarios (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) de la costa del Caribe. Brenesia 24:125-173.

Herrera-Moreno, A. y Betancourt-Fernández, L. 2002. Anémonas (Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, Cerianthiaria y Zoanthidae) conocidas para la Hispaniola. Ciencia y Sociedad 28 (3): 439-452. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22206/cys.2002.v27i3.pp439-52.

Huerta, L. y Garza, A. 1980. Contribución al conocimiento de la flora marina de la parte sur del litoral de Quintana Roo, México. Annales Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas 23:25-44.

Humann, P. y Deloach, N. 2002. Reef creature identification. Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville.

Instituto de Ecología (INECOL). 2000. Programa de manejo de la Reserva de la Biosfera Banco Chichorro, México. Instituto Nacional de Ecología. SEMARNAP, México D.F.

Jordan, D.E. y Martín, E. 1987. Chinchorro: Morphology and composition of a Caribbean Atoll. Atoll Research Bulletin 310: 1-33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.310.1.

Jordan, D.E. 1979. An analysis of gorgonian community in a reef calcareus platform on the Caribbean coast of México. Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología 6(1):87 96.

Lang, J.C. 1971. Interespecific aggresion by scleractinian corals. I. The rediscovery of Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards and Haine). Bulletin of Marine Science 21: 952-959.

Lang, J.C. 1973. Interespecific aggresion by scleractinian corals. II. Why the race is not only in the swift. Bulletin of Marine Science 23:260 279.

Leujak, W. y Ormond, R.F.G. 2007. Comparative accuracy and efficiency of six coral community survey methods. Journal Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 351: 168-187. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.06.028.

Liddell, W.D. y Ohlhorst, S. L. 1987. Patterns of reef community structure, North Jamaica. Bulletin of Marine Science 40(2): 311 329.

Littler, D. S, Littler M. M., Bucher, K.E. y Norris, J. N. 1989. Marine plants of the Caribbean: A field guide from Florida to Brazil. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

Logan, A. 1984. Interespecific aggression in hermatypic corals from Bermuda. Coral Reef 3:131 138. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301957.

Longhurst, A. 1998. Ecological geography of the sea. Academic Press. San Diego.

Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton University Press, New York.

McNeill, D.F., Budd, A.F., Klaus, J.S. y López-Pérez, R.A. 2006. Paleoecología y sedimentología de arrecifes coralinos fósiles en la República Dominicana. Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo.

Merino, I. M. 1997. Upwelling on the Yucatan Shelf: hydrography evidence. Journal od Marine Systems. 13: 101-121. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(96)00123-6.

Ohlhorst, S.L., Liddell, W.D., Taylor, R.J. y Taylor, J.M. 1988. Evaluation of reef census techniques. Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium 2: 319-324.

Okolodkov, Y.B. 2010. Biogeografía Marina. Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Campeche.

Orlóci, L.1978. Multivariate analysis in vegetation research. Dr. Junk WBV, The Hage.

Orlóci, L. 1990. Ecological program for institutional computing on the MacIntosh. Ecological Computations Series. SPB. Academic Publishing, The Hage.

Pielou, E.C. 1979. Biogeography. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Pielou, E.C. 1984. The interpretation of ecological data: A primer on classification and ordination. Wiley, New York.

Porter, J.W. 1974. Community structure of coral reef on opposite sides of the Isthmus of Panama. Science 186:543 545. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.186.4163.543.

Roman, J. 2018. The ecology and conservation of Cuba´s coastal and marine ecosystem. Bulletin of Marine Science 94(2):149-169. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2017.1164.

Rützler, K. y MacIntyre, I.G. 1982. Ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, I. Structure and communities. Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Sciences 12: 1-539. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.01960768.12.539.

Scatterday, J.W. 1977. Low water emergence of Caribbean Reefs and Effects of exposure on coral diversity observations off Bonaire Netherlands Antilles. In: Frost, S.H., Weiss, M.P. y Saunders, J.B. Editor. Reefs and Related Carbonates Ecology and sedimentology. Studies in Geology.

Taylor WR. 1960. Marine algae of the eastern tropical and subtropical coast of the Americas. University of Michigan Press, Michigan.

Torruco, D. 1995. Faunística y ecología de los corales escleractinios en los arrecifes de coral del sureste de México. Tesis Doctoral. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona.

Torruco, D. y González, M.A. 2002. Conservation and sustainable development proposal for the Chinchorro Bank reef complex in the Mexican Caribbean. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 53st Annual Meeting Biloxi. US.

Torruco, D., González-Solis, M.A. y Ordaz, J. 2003. The role of environmental variables in the lagoon coral community structure on the Chinchorro Bank, México. Bulletin of Marine Science 73(1):23-36.

Torruco, D., González-Solis, M.A. y Torruco-González, A.D. 2018. Diversidad y distribución de peces y su relación con variables ambientales, en el sur del Golfo de México. Revista de Biología Tropical 66(1): 438-456. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i1.26255.

Torruco, D., González-Solis, M.A. y Torruco-González, A.D. 2020. Lagoons Reef of Alacranes Reef and Chinchorro Bank: Ocean Reef of Mexican Atlantic. In: Manning, AJ. Editor. Lagoon Environments Around the World - A Scientific Perspective. IntechOpen London.

Torruco D, González-Solis A, Torruco-González AD. 2021. Large-Scale and Long-Term distribution of corals in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea of Mexico and adjacent areas. Regional Studies in Marine Science 44: Doi. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101764.

Weinberg, S. 1981. A comparison of coral reef survey methods. BijdrBak, R.P.M. 1977. Coral reefs and their zonation in Netherlands Antilles. In: Frost, S.H., Weiss, M.P. y Saunders J.B. Editores. Reef and related Carbonates ecology and sedimentology. American Association Petroleum Geology, Studies in Geology 4: 3 16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1306/St4393C1 .

Bayer, F.M. 1961. The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian Region. Martinus Nijoff, The Hague.

Bohnsack, J.A. 1979. Photographic quantitative sampling of hardbottom benthic communities. Bulletin of Marine Science 29: 242-252.

Briggs, J.C. 1974. Marine zoogeography. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Briggs, J.C. 1995. Global biogeography. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Cairns, S.D. y Kitahara, M.V. 2012. An illustrated key to the genera and subgenera of the recent azoxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) with an attached glossary. ZooKeys 227: 1-47.

Connell, J.H. 1975. Some mechanism producing structure in natural communities: A model and evidence from field experiment. In: Cody, M.L. y Diamond, J. Editor. Ecology and evolution of communities. Belknap Press, Cambridge.

Chávez, E. y E. Hidalgo. 1984. Spatial structure of benthic communities of Banco Chinchorro, México. En: Advances in reefscience. Joint Meeting I.S.R.S. and Atoll Reef Comm. Univesity of Miami, Miami.

Connell, J.H. 1976. Competitive interaction and the species diversity of coral. In: Mackie, G.O. Editor. Colenterate ecology and behaviour. Plenum Press, New York.

Darwin, Ch. 2006. La estructura y distribución de los arrecifes de coral. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid.

Díaz, J.M., Sánchez, J. A. y Díaz-Pulido, G. 2000. Distribution and structure of the Southernmost Caribbean coral reef: Golfo de Urabá, Colombia. Scientia Marina 64(3): 327-336. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2000.64n3327.

Duran, A., Shanz, A.A., Burkepile, D.E., Collado-Vides, L., Ferrer, V.M., Palma, L., Ramos, A. y González-Díaz, P. 2018. Fishing, pollution, climate change, and the long-term decline of coral reef off Havana, Cuba. Bulletin of Marine Science 94(2): 213-228. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2017.1061.

Ferrari, R., González-Rivero, M. y Mumby, P. J. 2012. Size matters in competition between corals and macroalgae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 467:77-88. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09953.

Gaby-Hukubun, W., Munirah-Remir, N. y Delvis-Kapelle, I.V. 2016. The influence of physical and chemical factors to coral reef ecosystem on coastal waters Village Eri, outer Ambon Bay. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science 5(3): 28-36. Doi: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20160503.11.

Gauch, H.G.Jr., Whittaker, R.H. y Singer, S.B. 1981. A comparative study of non-metric ordinations. Journal of Ecology 69:135 152. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2259821.

Gómez, P. 1992. Esponjas marinas (Porifera) de la Reserva de la Biosfera de SianKa'an. En: Navarro, D. y Suárez, E. Editores. Diversidad biológica en la Reserva de la Biosfera de Sian Ka'an, Quintana Roo, México. CIQRO, Chetumal.

González-Solis, M.A, Torruco, D., Liceaga, M. y Ordaz, J. 2003. The shallow and deep bathymetry of the Chinchorro Bank reef in the Mexican Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science 73(1): 15-22.

González, A., Torruco, D. y Corbalá, A. 2004. Morfometría de una población inusual de Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Banco Chinchorro y su relación con el ambiente. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 55st Annual Meeting Xel-Ha 491-505.

González-Solis, M.A, Torruco, D. y Torruco-González, A.D. 2018. Biodiversidad de macroalgas en arrecifes coralinos de la Sonda de Campeche, el Caribe Mexicano y Belice. Gayana Botánica 57(1): 501-511. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432018000100501.

Guzmán, H.M. y Cortés, J. 1985. Organismos de los arrecifes coralinos de Costa Rica IV. Descripción y distribución geográfica de octocoralarios (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) de la costa del Caribe. Brenesia 24:125-173.

Herrera-Moreno, A. y Betancourt-Fernández, L. 2002. Anémonas (Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, Cerianthiaria y Zoanthidae) conocidas para la Hispaniola. Ciencia y Sociedad 28 (3): 439-452. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22206/cys.2002.v27i3.pp439-52.

Huerta, L. y Garza, A. 1980. Contribución al conocimiento de la flora marina de la parte sur del litoral de Quintana Roo, México. Annales Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas 23:25-44.

Humann, P. y Deloach, N. 2002. Reef creature identification. Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville.

Instituto de Ecología (INECOL). 2000. Programa de manejo de la Reserva de la Biosfera Banco Chichorro, México. Instituto Nacional de Ecología. SEMARNAP, México D.F.

Jordan, D.E. y Martín, E. 1987. Chinchorro: Morphology and composition of a Caribbean Atoll. Atoll Research Bulletin 310: 1-33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.310.1.

Jordan, D.E. 1979. An analysis of gorgonian community in a reef calcareus platform on the Caribbean coast of México. Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología 6(1):87 96.

Lang, J.C. 1971. Interespecific aggresion by scleractinian corals. I. The rediscovery of Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards and Haine). Bulletin of Marine Science 21: 952-959.

Lang, J.C. 1973. Interespecific aggresion by scleractinian corals. II. Why the race is not only in the swift. Bulletin of Marine Science 23:260 279.

Leujak, W. y Ormond, R.F.G. 2007. Comparative accuracy and efficiency of six coral community survey methods. Journal Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 351: 168-187. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.06.028.

Liddell, W.D. y Ohlhorst, S. L. 1987. Patterns of reef community structure, North Jamaica. Bulletin of Marine Science 40(2): 311 329.

Littler, D. S, Littler M. M., Bucher, K.E. y Norris, J. N. 1989. Marine plants of the Caribbean: A field guide from Florida to Brazil. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

Logan, A. 1984. Interespecific aggression in hermatypic corals from Bermuda. Coral Reef 3:131 138. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301957.

Longhurst, A. 1998. Ecological geography of the sea. Academic Press. San Diego.

Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton University Press, New York.

McNeill, D.F., Budd, A.F., Klaus, J.S. y López-Pérez, R.A. 2006. Paleoecología y sedimentología de arrecifes coralinos fósiles en la República Dominicana. Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo.

Merino, I. M. 1997. Upwelling on the Yucatan Shelf: hydrography evidence. Journal od Marine Systems. 13: 101-121. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(96)00123-6.

Ohlhorst, S.L., Liddell, W.D., Taylor, R.J. y Taylor, J.M. 1988. Evaluation of reef census techniques. Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium 2: 319-324.

Okolodkov, Y.B. 2010. Biogeografía Marina. Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Campeche.

Orlóci, L.1978. Multivariate analysis in vegetation research. Dr. Junk WBV, The Hage.

Orlóci, L. 1990. Ecological program for institutional computing on the MacIntosh. Ecological Computations Series. SPB. Academic Publishing, The Hage.

Pielou, E.C. 1979. Biogeography. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Pielou, E.C. 1984. The interpretation of ecological data: A primer on classification and ordination. Wiley, New York.

Porter, J.W. 1974. Community structure of coral reef on opposite sides of the Isthmus of Panama. Science 186:543 545. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.186.4163.543.

Roman, J. 2018. The ecology and conservation of Cuba´s coastal and marine ecosystem. Bulletin of Marine Science 94(2):149-169. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2017.1164.

Rützler, K. y MacIntyre, I.G. 1982. Ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, I. Structure and communities. Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Sciences 12: 1-539. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.01960768.12.539.

Scatterday, J.W. 1977. Low water emergence of Caribbean Reefs and Effects of exposure on coral diversity observations off Bonaire Netherlands Antilles. In: Frost, S.H., Weiss, M.P. y Saunders, J.B. Editor. Reefs and Related Carbonates Ecology and sedimentology. Studies in Geology.

Taylor WR. 1960. Marine algae of the eastern tropical and subtropical coast of the Americas. University of Michigan Press, Michigan.

Torruco, D. 1995. Faunística y ecología de los corales escleractinios en los arrecifes de coral del sureste de México. Tesis Doctoral. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona.

Torruco, D. y González, M.A. 2002. Conservation and sustainable development proposal for the Chinchorro Bank reef complex in the Mexican Caribbean. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 53st Annual Meeting Biloxi. US.

Torruco, D., González-Solis, M.A. y Ordaz, J. 2003. The role of environmental variables in the lagoon coral community structure on the Chinchorro Bank, México. Bulletin of Marine Science 73(1):23-36.

Torruco, D., González-Solis, M.A. y Torruco-González, A.D. 2018. Diversidad y distribución de peces y su relación con variables ambientales, en el sur del Golfo de México. Revista de Biología Tropical 66(1): 438-456. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i1.26255.

Torruco, D., González-Solis, M.A. y Torruco-González, A.D. 2020. Lagoons Reef of Alacranes Reef and Chinchorro Bank: Ocean Reef of Mexican Atlantic. In: Manning, AJ. Editor. Lagoon Environments Around the World - A Scientific Perspective. IntechOpen London.

Torruco D, González-Solis A, Torruco-González AD. 2021. Large-Scale and Long-Term distribution of corals in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea of Mexico and adjacent areas. Regional Studies in Marine Science 44: Doi. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101764.

Weinberg, S. 1981. A comparison of coral reef survey methods. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 51(2): 199-218.

Zlatarski, V. y Martínez-Estalella, N. 1982. Les Scleractinaires de Cuba avec des données sur les organismos asocies. Annex 1.. Editions de l´Academié Bulgaria des Sciences. Sofía.

Wynne, M.J. 2011. A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic: Third revision. J. Cramer in Borntraeger Science Publishers, Stuttgart.

agen tot de Dierkunde 51(2): 199-218.

Zlatarski, V. y Martínez-Estalella, N. 1982. Les Scleractinaires de Cuba avec des données sur les organismos asocies. Annex 1.. Editions de l´Academié Bulgaria des Sciences. Sofía.

Wynne, M.J. 2011. A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic: Third revision. J. Cramer in Borntraeger Science Publishers, Stuttgart.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2021 Intropica

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.