Keywords
caddisflies; Phylloicus; water level reduction; leaf litter processing; tropical streams; Puerto Rico
How to Cite
Reyes-Torres, L. J., & Ramírez, A. (2018). Effects of experimental pool level reduction on Phylloicus pulchrus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) feeding and conspecific behavior from a tropical rainforest stream. Intropica, 13(1), 13–19. Retrieved from https://revistas.unimagdalena.edu.co/index.php/intropica/article/view/2352
Abstract
Increases in drought occurrence and persistence around the world prompts to the understanding of their effects on natural populations and ecosystem functioning. The main result of drought on streams is the fragmentation of stream ecosystems into isolated pools as streamflow and water depth decrease. There are limited studies on caddisfly response to reduced water levels and their effect on ecosystem functioning. The goal of this study was to evaluate how reductions in water levels, similar to those associated with droughts, influence feeding and conspecific behavior of Phylloicus pulchrus. Laboratory experimental pool reductions, simulating the natural conditions of the species in the El Verde Field Station, Luquillo Experimental Forest, were carried out for two weeks. Four rectangular plastic aquaria were filled to one third with stream water that was maintained aerated. Ten circular plastic chambers (with screen windows) with Guarea guidonea senescent leaves were placed inside each aquarium. Two stream pool levels (normal and low) were simulated with two treatments (experimental and control). Experimental chambers (n=20) contained fourth instar larvae (n=80, 40=normal, 40=low) while control chambers (n=20) did not. The effect of pool level reduction on leaf mass loss, aggressive interactions between larvae (> 25 % of their cases removed), and larval mortality were assessed. Reductions in pool level increased leaf mass loss (ANOVA: F=5.17, p-value=0.03), larval aggressive interactions (Chi square: x2=6.24, n=80, p-value = 0.01), and larval mortality (Chi square: x2=4.51, n=80, p-value = 0.03).This study shows the early response of a tropical caddisfly to an abiotic cue of a drastic environmental change. This research contributes to our scarce knowledge on caddisfly larvae leaf litter processing behavior during early stages of water reductions, such as those caused by droughts.References
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Ramírez, A. 2016. Entre sequías y huracanes, y ahora cambio climático: La complicada vida de los Macroinvertebrados en el Caribe. Oral presentation: Tercer Congreso Latinoamericano de Macroinvertebrados de Agua Dulce.
Reyes-Torres, L.J. and Ramírez, A. 2018. Life history and phenology of Phylloicus pulchrus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) in a tropical rainforest stream of Puerto Rico. International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation In press.
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Schlief, J. and Mutz, M. 2009. Effect of sudden flow reduction on the decomposition of alder leaves (Alnus glutinosa [L.] Gaertn.) in a temperate lowland stream: a mesocosm study. Hydrobiologia 624(1): 205-217.
Shama, L. 2007. Population persistence in temporary streams: plasticity and gene flow in an alpine caddisfly. Doctoral Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Springer, M. 2010. Macroinvertebrados de Agua Dulce de Costa Rica I, Capítulo 7: Trichoptera. Revista de Biología Tropical 58(4): 151–181.
Vannote, R.L., Minshall, G.W., Cummins, K.W., Sedell, J.R. and Cushing, C.E. 1980. The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37(1): 130–137.
Boulton, A.J. 2003. Parallels and contrasts in the effects of drought on stream macroinvertebrate assemblages. Freshwater Biology 48(7): 1173–1185.
Cardona-Rivera, G.A. and Ramírez, A. 2016. Predation of Telebasis vulnerata (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) eggs by detritivorous caddisfly larva, Phylloicus pulchrus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae). International Journal of Odonatology 19(4): 253-256.
Covich, A.P., Crowl, T.A. and Scatena, F.N. 2003. Effects of extreme low flows on freshwater shrimps in a perennial tropical stream. Freshwater Biology 48: 1199–1206.
Encalada, A.C., Calles, J., Ferreira, V., Canhoto, C. M. and Graca, M.A.S. 2010. Riparian land use and the relationship between the benthos and litter decomposition in tropical montane streams. Freshwater Biology 55: 1719–1733.
Giller, P.S. and Sangpradub, N. 1993. Predatory foraging behavior and activity patterns of larvae of two species of limnephilid cased caddis. Oikos 67: 351–357.
Jacobsen, D., Cressa, C., Mathooko, J. and Dudgeon, D. 2008. Chapter 4: Macroinvertebrates: Composition, Life Histories and Production. In: Dudgeon, D., Editor. Tropical Stream Ecology. Elsevier, Netherlands.
Lake, P.S. 2003. Ecological effects of perturbation by drought in flowing waters. Freshwater Biology 48: 1161–1172.
Leberfinger, K., Bohman, I. and Herrmann, J. 2010. Drought impact on stream detritivores: experimental effects on leaf litter breakdown and life cycles. Hydrobiologia 652: 247–254.
Lund, J., Wissinger, S. and Peckarsky, B. 2016. Caddisfly behavioral responses to drying cues in temporary ponds: implications for effects of climate change. Freshwater Science 35(2): 619–630.
Luquillo Long Term Ecological Research. 2015. Setting._URL:_http://luq.lternet.edu/content/setting. Accesed: March 17, 2017.
McDowell, W.H., Scatena, F.N., Waide, R.B., Brokaw, N., Camilo, G., Covich, A.P., Crowl, T.A., González, G., Greathouse, E.A., Klawinski, P., Lodge, D.J., Lugo, A.E., Pringle, C.M., Richardson, B.A., Richardson, M.J., Schaefer, D.A., Silver, W.L., Thompson, J., Vogt, D.J., Vogt, K.A., Willig, M.R., Woolbright, L. L., Zou, X. and Zimmerman, J. 2012. Geographic and Ecological Setting of the Luquillo Mountains. In: Brokaw, N., Crowl, T. A., Lugo, A. E., McDowell, W. H., Scatena, F. N., Waide, R. B. and Willig, M. R., Editors. A Caribbean Forest Tapestry, The multidimensional nature of disturbance and response. Oxford University Press, New York.
Moretti, M. S., Loyola, R.D., Becker, B. and Callisto, M. 2009. Leaf abundance and phenolic concentrations codetermine the selection of case-building materials by Phylloicus sp. (Trichoptera, Calamoceratidae). Hydrobiologia 630(1): 199–206.
Ramírez, A. 2015. Streams. Luquillo LTER._URL:_ from http://luq.lternet.edu/streams-alonso-Ramírez. Accesed March 17, 2017.
Ramírez, A. 2016. Entre sequías y huracanes, y ahora cambio climático: La complicada vida de los Macroinvertebrados en el Caribe. Oral presentation: Tercer Congreso Latinoamericano de Macroinvertebrados de Agua Dulce.
Reyes-Torres, L.J. and Ramírez, A. 2018. Life history and phenology of Phylloicus pulchrus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) in a tropical rainforest stream of Puerto Rico. International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation In press.
RStudio Team 2016. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA http://www.rstudio.com/. Accesed March 17, 2017.
Schlief, J. and Mutz, M. 2009. Effect of sudden flow reduction on the decomposition of alder leaves (Alnus glutinosa [L.] Gaertn.) in a temperate lowland stream: a mesocosm study. Hydrobiologia 624(1): 205-217.
Shama, L. 2007. Population persistence in temporary streams: plasticity and gene flow in an alpine caddisfly. Doctoral Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Springer, M. 2010. Macroinvertebrados de Agua Dulce de Costa Rica I, Capítulo 7: Trichoptera. Revista de Biología Tropical 58(4): 151–181.
Vannote, R.L., Minshall, G.W., Cummins, K.W., Sedell, J.R. and Cushing, C.E. 1980. The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37(1): 130–137.
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