Palabras clave
hiperuricemia
oncología médica
seminoma
síndrome de lisis tumoral
Cómo citar
Resumen
El síndrome de lisis tumoral es una emergencia oncológica causada por destrucción de la célula tumoral, de forma espontánea o secundaria a la quimioterapia, que libera el contenido intracelular al torrente sanguíneo y produce hiperuricemia, hiperfosfatemia, hipocalcemia e hiperkalemia. Para su diagnóstico se debe tener un alto grado de sospecha y aplicar los criterios de Cairo-Bishop y Howard. Se presenta caso de un paciente de 35 años de edad, con antecedente de seminoma no gonadal retroperitoneal estadio IIC. Ingresó remitido desde consulta externa por intolerancia a la vía oral, deshidratación y parestesias a nivel de miembros inferiores, hiperkalemia, hipocalcemia e hiperuricemia, además de elevación de creatinina sérica. Se consideró diagnóstico de síndrome de lisis tumoral, y se trató con fluidoterapia agresiva a dosis de 2-3 L/m2/día de solución salina normal. También se indicó rasburicasa y se corrigieron las alteraciones electrolíticas. Una vez se tuvo la función renal por encima de 60 mL/min/1,73 m3, se inició tratamiento citorreductor con cisplatino, etopósido y bleomicina. Se concluye la importancia de tener sospecha diagnóstica en pacientes oncológicos, incluso en neoplasias de bajo riesgo. Asimismo, se resalta que, en las revisiones de la literatura, su incidencia está sujeta a reportes de caso.Citas
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