Keywords
Zanthoxylum
phytochemistry
medicine folkloric
biological activity.
How to Cite
Abstract
According to the Herbarium National of Colombia the Rutaceae family in Colombia are 150 genus and 900 species (1), of which many have been used not only in the folkloric medicine (2, 3, 4, 5) in digestive treatments, stomatic tonic, diuretics, sedatives among others; but also determined its biological activity like cytotoxic antispasmodic and (5). In the Rutaceae family is the Zanthoxylum genus (6), of which also it is used in medicine folkloric which they include treatments against the cough, enteritis, diarrheic, refried, rheumatism and ulcerations (7, 8, 9, 10, 11); also its biological activity has been tried where it was to be effective, among others: antimicrobial (7, 8, 9); cytotoxic (12, 13); antiaggregation platelet (14, 15), and antitumoral (16). The ample range of ethnobotanics and pharmacological uses turns to the isolated extracts (or compounds) of the Zanthoxylum genus in raw material to use in the development of tests to evaluate the biological activity, which is associate to the wealth of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, lignans, terpenes, flavonoids, coumarins, among others; turning to the Zanthoxylum genus object of it studied promissory phytochemistry. In this article a contribution is made to study of the Zanthoxylum genus, in aspects related to its phytochemistry, its uses in medicine folkloric and its biological activity; and consequently a pertinent contribution to the knowledge in the Faculty of Sciences of the Health, Due to the current trend of using natural Medina for the development of drugs for relatively low cost and with a higher probability of acquiring the same.References
Base de Datos SPICA (1998). Programa de Botánica Económica. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá; htpp//www.spica.unal.edu.co.
Álvarez-Arias, B; and Ramón-Laca, L. (2005). Pharmacological Properties of Citrus and Their Ancient and Medieval Uses in the Mediterranean Region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 97, 89–95.
Mriithi, M. W.; Abraham, W.R.; Addae-Kyereme, J.; Scowen, I.; Croff, S.L.; Gitu, P.M.; Kendrick, H.; Njagi, E.N.; and Wrigh, C.W. (2002). Isolation and in Vitro Antiplasmodial Activities of Alkaloids from Teclea trithocarpa: In Antimalarial Activity and X-Ray Cristal Structure of Normelicopicine. Journal of Natural Products, 65, 956-959.
Jacquemond-Collet, I.; Benoit-Vical, F.; Mustofa-Valentin A. ; Stanislas, E. ; Mallie, M. ; Fouraste, I. (2002).Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activity of Galipinine and others Tetrahydroquinolines from Galipea officinalis. Planta Medica. 68, 68-69.
Houghton, P.J.; Woldemariam, T.Z.; Watanabe, Y.; and Yates, M.(1999). Activity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis of Alkaloids Constituents of Angostura Bark, Galipea officinalis. Planta Medica. 65, 250-254.
Waterman, P. G. and Grudon, M. F. (1983). Chemistry and Chemical Taxonomy of the Rutales. Academic Press, London. p.p 11-12 y 301-308.
Ngane, A. N; Biyiti L, Amvam, P. H.; and Bouchet, Ph.. (2000). Evaluation Antifungal Activity of Extracts of Two Cameroonian Rutaceae: Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill et Perr and Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides Waterm. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 70, 335-342.
Tatsadjieu, L.N; Ngang; Ngssoum, MB; and Etua Fox (2003). Actibacterial and Antitungal Activity of Xylopia aethiopica, Monodora myristica, Zanthoxylum xanthaxyloides and Zanthoxylum leprieurü from Cameroom. Fitoterapia, 74, 469-72.
Hounzangbe-Adote, M.; Paolini, V.; Fouraste, I.; Moutairou, K.; and Hoste H. (2005). In Vitro Effects of Four Tropical Plants on Three Life-Cycle Stages of the Parasitic Nematode, Haemonchus contortus. Research in Veterinary Science, 78, 155-160.
Matu, E.N.; and Staden, J. (2003). “Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of some plants used for Medicinal Purposes in Kenya”. Journal of Natural Product. 87, 35-41.
Ngane, A. N.; Biyiti, L; Amvam, P. H.; and Bouchet, P.H. (2000). Evaluation Antifungal Activity of Extracts of Two Cameroonian Rutaceae: Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill et Perr and Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides Waterm. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 70, 335-342.
Islam, A.; Sayeed, A.; Bhuiyan, M. S. A.; Mosaddik, M. A.; Islam, M. A. U.; and Khan, G. R. M. (2001). Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Zanthoxylum budrunga. Fitoterapia, 72, 428-430.
Ahmad, M. U.; Rahman, M. A.; Huq, E.; and Chowdhury, R. (2003).
Alkaloids of Zanthoxylum budrunga. Fitoterapia, 74, 191-193.
Sian-Ling L. (2000). Bishordeninyl Terpene Alkaloids form Zanthoxylum
integrifoliolum. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 47, 571-574.
Yang, Y-P; Cheng, M-J; Teng, C-M; Chang, Y-L; Tsai, I-L; and Chen, I-S. (2002). Chemical and Antiplatelet Constituents from Kormosan Zanthoxylum simulans. Phytochemistry, 61, 567-572.
Saquib, Q. N.; Hui, Y H; Anderson, J. E.; and Mclaughlin, J. L. (1999). Bioactive Furanocumarinas from the Berries of Zanthoxylum americanum. Phytotherapy Research, 4, 216-219.
Figueiredo- Melo, M. F.; Zickel, C. S. (2004).Os gêneros Zanthoxylum L. e Esenbeckia Kunth (Rutaceae) no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Acta Botânica do Brasil. 18, 73-90.
Cronquist, A. (1988). The Evolution and Classification of Flowering. Botanical Garden Broux, New Cork, 10458 USA. p.p 551-560.
García, B. H. (1992). Flora Medicinal de Colombia. Vol. 2. Tercer Mundo Editores. Colombia. pp 32-33.
Ross, S. A.; Sultana, G.N.; Burandt, C.L.; Elsohly, M.A.; Mavais, J.P.; and Ferreira, D. (2004). Syncarpamida, a New Antiplasmodial (+)-Norepinephrine Derivate Zanthoxylum syncarpum. Journal of Natural Product, 67 88-90.
Nissanka, A. P. K.; Karunaratne, V.; Ratnayake-Bandara, B.M.; Kumar, V.; Nakanishi, T.; Nishi, M.; Inada, A.; Tillekeratne, L. M. V.; Wijesundara, D. S. A.; and Leslie Gunatilaka A. A. (2001). Antimicrobial Alkaloids form Zanthoxylum tetraspermun and Zanthoxylum caudatum. Phytochemistry, 56, 857-861.
De Moura, N F.; Ribeiro, H F.; Machado, E. C. S.; Ethur, E M.; Zanatta, N; and Morel, A F. (2002). Alkaloids, Amides and Antispasmodic Activity of Zanthoxylum heymale. Planta Medica, 68, 534-538.
Arrieta, J.; Reyes B.; Calzada, F.; Cedillo-Rivera, R.; and Navarrete, A. (2001). Amoebicidal and Giardicidal Compounds form the Leaves of Zanthoxylum liebmannianum. Fitoterapia, 72, 295-297.
Diéguez-Hurtado, R.; Garrido-Garrido, G.; Prieto-González, S.; Iznaga, Y., González, L.; Molina Torres, J.; Curini, M.; Epifanio, F.; and Marcotullio, M. C. (2003). Antifungal Activity of Some Iban Zanthoxylum Species. Fitoterapia, 74, 384-386.
Thi-Thuy, Trinh; Porzel, A.; Ripperger, H; Van-Sung, T.; and Adam, G. (1999). Bishordeninyl Terpene Alkaloids form Zanthoxylum avicennae. Phytochemistry, 50, 903-907.
Tewary, D.; Bhardwaj, A.; and Shanker, A. (2005). Pesticidal Activities in Five Medicinal Plants Collected Mid Hills of Western Himalayas. Industrial Crops and Products, artículo en prensa.
Swinehart, J. A.; and Stermitz, F. R. (1980). “Bishordeninyl Terpene, Alkaloids and other Constituents of Zanthoxylum culantrillo and Zanthoxylum coriaceum”. Phytochemistry. 19, 1219-1223.
Marr, K. L.; and Tang, C. S. (1992). “Volatille Insecticidal Compunds and Chemical Variability of Hawaiian Zanthoxylum Rutaceaes Species”. Biochemical Systematic & Ecology. 20, pp 209-217.
Ferreira, M. E.; Rojas de Arias, A.; Torres de Ortiz, S.; Inchausti, A.; Nakayama, H.; Thouvenel, C.; Hocquemiller, R.; and Fournet, A.. (2002). Leishmanicidal Activity of Two Canthin-6-one Akaloids, Two Major Constituents of Zanthoxylum chiloperone Var. angustifolium. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 80, 199-202.
Navarrete, A.; and Hong, E. (1996). Anthelmintic Properties of á- Sanshool from Zanthoxylum liebmannianum. Planta Medica, 62, 250-251.
Kato, A.; Moriyasu, M.; Ichimaru, M.; Nishiyama, Y.; Juma, F.; Nganga, J.; Mathenge, S.; and Ogeto, J. (1996). Isolation of Alkaloidal Constituentsof Zanthoxylum usambarense and Zanthoxylum chalybeum Using Ion-Pair HPLC. Journal of Natural Product, 59, 316-319.
Addae-Mensah, I, Munenege, R, and Guantai, A. N. (1989). Comparative Examination of Two Zanthoxylum Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids for Cardióvascular Effects in Rabbits. Phytotherapy Research, 3, 165-169.
Joshi, B.; Moore, K.; and Pelletier, S. W. (1991). Alkaloids of Zanthoxylum budrunga Wall : RMN Assignments of Dihydrochelerythrine, Evodiamine and Zanthobungeanine. Phytichemical Analysis, 2, 20-25.
Muñoz, M. A.; Torrez, R.; and Cassels, B. K. (1982). Aurapten and Flindersine from Zanthoxylum coco. Journal of Natural Products, 45, 367-369.
Tiwari, K. P.; and Masood, M. (1979). Zanoxyline a New Alkaloids form Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum oxhyphyllum. Phytochemistry, 18, 517-518.
Dile, E. E.; Von, P.; Gilsane, L.; and Henriques, A.T. (2000). Constituents of Zanthoxylum rugosum ST: Hil & Tul. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 28, 275-277.
Sukari, M.; Salim, W.; Ibrahim, N.; Rahmani, M.; Aimi, N.; Kitajima, M. (1999). Phenantridine alkaloids from Zanthoxylum myriacanthum. Fitoterapia, 70, 197-199.
Brader, G.; Wurz, G.; Greger, H.; and Hofer, O. (1993). Novel Prenylated 2-Quinolinones from East Asian Zanthoxylum Species. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 355-358.
Chen, I.; Tsai, I.; Teng, C.; Chen, J.; Chang, Y.; Ko, F.; Lu, M.; and Pezzuto, J. (1997). Pyranoquinoline Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum simulans. Phytochemistry, 46, 525-529.
Moriyasu, M.; Ichimaru, M.; Nishiyama, Y.; and Kato, A. (1997). (R)- (+)-Isotembetarine, a Quaternary Alkaloid from Zanthoxylum nitidium. Journal of Natural Product, 60, 299-301.
De Moura, N.; Ribero, H.; Machado, E.; Ethur, E.; Zanatta, N.; and Morel, A. (1997). Benzophenantridine Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium. Phytochemistry 46, 1443-1446.
Stermitz, F.; Caolo, M.; and Swinehart, J. (1980). Alkaloids and Other Constituents of Zanthoxylum williamsii, Z. monophylum and Z. fagara. Phytochemistry, 19, 1469-1472.
Bastos, J. K; Albuquerque, S.; and Silva, M. L. A. (1999). Evaluations of the Trypanocidal Activity of Lignans Isolated form the Leaves of Zanthoxylum naranjillo. Planta Medica, 65, 541-544.
Patiño, O.; y Cuca, L. (2004). Alcaloides Benzofenantridínicos de Zanthoxylum quinduensis. Revista Colombiana de Química, 33, 88-90
Amaro, L. J. M.; Fronczek, F.; Massanet, G.; Pando, E.; Rodríguez L. F.; Watkins S., and Zubía E. (1988). Meridinol, a Lignan from Zanthoxylum fagara. Phytochemistry, 27, 3933-3935.
Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud 159 Macias E., Cuca L. y Jiménez K.
Cuca, L.; Martínez, J.; and Delle-Monache, F. (1998). 7, 9´-Epoxylignan and Other Constituents of Zanthoxylum culantrillo.Phytochemistry, 47, 1437-1439.
Arruda, M.; Fernandes, J.; Viera, P.; Da Silva, F.; and Pirani, J. (1994). Protolimonoid and Lignans from Zanthoxylum petiolare. Phytochemistry, 36, 1303-1306.
Jirovetz, L.; Buchbaver, G; Fleischhacker, W; and Ngassoum, M. B. (1999). Analysis of Leaf Volatiles of Zanthoxylum gillettii Used in Folk Medicine of Cameroon. Planta Medica, 65, 181-183.
De García, I.; Calle, J.; Reguero, M.; and Nathan, J. (1989). Phytochemical Study of Zanthoxylum monophylum. Fitoterapia, 5, 447-448.
Chyau, Ch.Ch.; Mau; J.L.; and Wu Ch. M.(1996).Characteristics of the Steam-Distilled Oil and Carbon Dióxide Extract of Zanthoxylum simulans Fruits. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry, 44, 1096-1099.
Hatano, T.; Kusuda, M.; Inada, K.; Ogawa, T.; Shiota, S.; Tsuchiya, T.; Ito, H.; and Yoshida, T. (2004). Aliphatic Acid Amides of the Fruits of Zanthoxylum piperitum. Phytochemistry, 65, 2599-2604.
Kalia, N.; Singh, B.; and Sood, R. (1999). A New Amide from Zanthoxylum armatum. Journal of Natural Product, 62, 311-312.
Xiong Q., Shi D., Yamamoto H., and Mizuno M. (1997). Alkylamides from Pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Phytochemistry, 46, 1123-1126.
Ming, K.; Gray, A.; and Waterman, P. (1987). Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids from the Stem Bark of a Zanthoxylum Species. Phytochemistry, 26, 3251-3254.
Adesina, S.; and Reisch, J. (1989). Amidas from Zanthoxylum rubescens. Phytochemistry, 28, 839-842.
Simeray, J.; Cahumont, J.; Bevalot, F.; and Vaquette, J. (1985). Zanthomamide: An Aromatic Amide from Zanthoxylum tomense. Phytochemistry, 24, 2720-2721.
Su-Jo, Y; Bae, K; Lan-Hdong, D.T.; Koo-Lee, M.; and Ho-Kim, Y. (2002). Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Coumarin from Zanthoxylum schinifolium. Planta Medica, 68, 84-85.
Hatano, T.; Kusuda, M.; Inada, K.; Ogawa, T.; Shiota, S.; Tsuchiya, T.; and Yoshida, T. (2005). Effects of tannins and related polyphenols on methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus. Phytochemistry, artículo en prensa.
Xiong, Q.; Shi, D.; and Mizuno M. (1995). Flavonol Glucosides in Pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Phytochemistry, 39, 723-725.
Chen, I.S.; Chen, T.L.; Chang, Y.L.; Teng, C.M.; and Lin, W.Y. (1999). Chemical Constituents and Biológical Activities of the Fruit of Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum. Journal of Natural Product. 62, 833-837.
Angulo, A.A.; Cuca, L.E. (2002). Nuevo Esterol y Otros Constituyentes de Zanthoxylum setulosum. Revista Colombiana de Química. 31, 87-92.
Jiménez, C.; Marcos, M.; Villaverde, M.; Riguera, R.; Castedo, L.; and Stermitz, F. A. (1989). Chromone from Zanthoxylum Species. Phytochemistry, 28, 1992-1993.
www.tulua.gov.co (14 de enero de 2008)
Delgado, C. A.; Pulgarin, P. & Calderon, D. (2005).Ornitología Colombiana, 3, 100-103.
Blair, S.; Madrigal, B (2005). Plantas Antimalárica de Tumaco, Costa Pacifica de Colombia. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.