Abstract
We explored points of view and experiences about compassion in the practice of Colombian nurses and contrasts with the other 14 participating countries of the international online study. The cross-sectional exploratory study with an online international survey with 10 questions (open and closed), had 1323 nurses, 103 were from Colombia. Colombian quantitative data were analyzed in Excel and qualitative data in Nvivo with thematic analysis and consensus among researchers. The Colombian sample counted with 83.5% teachers and they chose the definition of compassion as the "deep awareness of the suffering of others and the desire to alleviate that suffering" (84.3%) in contrast to 59.5% of the online international study. Although, there are statistically significant differences between the countries of the international online study in the definition of compassion and some experiences there are similarities in several qualitative findings. The sociopolitical, organizational and educational barriers for compassionate care are evident. However, the conscious and intentional nature of the compassion and nursing effort to develop it emerges. Some cultural variations of compassion and ways of promoting it in an increasingly transcultural professional exercise are evident.References
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J Adv Nurs. 2017; 73(3):558. DOI: 10.1111/jan.13214
18. Singh P, King-Shier K, Sinclair S. The colours and contours of compassion: A systematic review of the perspectives of compassion among ethnically diverse patients and healthcare providers. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2018; 13(5):1-18. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197261
19. Reis Silva AM. A compaixão entre enfermeiros em saúde infantil e pediatria: análise do conceito [Tesis em internet]. Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto; 2014. Disponible en:https://comum.rcaap.pt/bitstream/10400.26/9491/1/Disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Enf%C2%AA%20Ana%20Reis.pdf
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21. Curtis K. 21st Century challenges faced by nursing faculty in educating for compassionate practice: Embodied interpretation of phenomenological data. Nurse Educ Today [Internet]. 2013;33(7):46-50. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.05.007
22. Richardson C, Percy M, Hughes J. Nursing therapeutics: Teaching student nurses care, compassion and empathy. Nurse Educ Today [Internet]. 2015;35(5):e1-e5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.01.016
23. Dunne S, Sheffield D, Chilcot J. Brief report: Self-compassion, physical health and the mediating role of health-promoting behaviours. J Health Psychol [Internet].. 2016; 28(7):993-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316643377
24. Zambrano MLC. La humanización de la atención en los servicios de salud: un asunto de cuidado. Rev Cuid [Internet]. 2016;7(1):1227-31. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i1.300
25. Nunes Coelho CS. A compaixão dos enfermeiros perante a criança e sua família, em cuidados paliativos [Tesis em internet]. Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto; 2015. Disponible en:https://comum.rcaap.pt/bitstream/10400.26/9759/1/Claudia%20Nunes_%20Disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o.pdf
26. Cameron RA, Mazer BL, Deluca JM, Mohile SG, Epstein RM. In search of compassion: A new taxonomy of compassionate physician behaviours. Health Expect [Internet]. 2015;18(5):1672-85. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12160
27. Sadooghiasl A, Parvizy S, Ebadi A. Concept analysis of moral courage in nursing: A hybrid model. Nurs Ethic. 2016;25(1):-19. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733016638146
28. Kvangarsnes M. Nurses’ Perspectives on Compassionate Care for Patients with Exacerbated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Allergy Ther [Internet]. 2013;4:158. DOI: 10.4172/2155-6121.1000158
29. Petroulias P, Groesbeck L, Wilson FL. Providing Culturally Competent Care in Home Infusion Nursing. J Infus Nurs [Internet]. 2013;36(2):108-14. DOI: 10.1097/NAN.0b013e31828386d8
2. Papadopoulos I, Ali S. Measuring compassion in nurses and other healthcare professionals: An integrative review. Nurse Educ Pract [Internet]. 2016;16(1):133-9. Disponible en:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471595315001298?_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_origin=gateway&_docanchor=&md5=b8429449ccfc9c30159a5f9aeaa92ffb
3. Barker R, Cornwell J, Gishen F. Introducing compassion into the education of health care professionals; can Schwartz Rounds help? J Compassionate Health Care; [Internet]. 2016;3(1):3. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40639-016-0020-0
4. Sinclair S, McClement S, Raffin-Bouchal S, Hack TF, Hagen NA, McConnell S, et al. Compassion in Health Care: An Empirical Model. J Pain Symptom Manage [Internet]. 2016;51(2):193-203. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.10.009
5. Sinclair S, Norris JM, Mcconnell SJ, Chochinov HM, Hack TF, Hagen N a, et al. Compassion: a scoping review of the healthcare literature. BMC Palliat Care [Internet]. 2016;(January):1-16. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-016-0080-0
6. Strauss C, Taylor BL, Gu J, Kuyken W, Baer R, Jones F, et al. What is Compassion and How Can We Measure it? A Review of Definitions and Measures. Clin Psychol Rev [Internet]. 2016;47:15-27. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.004
7. Goetz JJL, Keltner D, Simon-Thomas E. Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychol Bull [Internet]. 2010;136(3):351–74. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018807
8. Papadopoulos I, Zorba A, Koulouglioti C, Ali S, Aagard M, Akman O, et al. International study on nurses’ views and experiences of compassion. Int Nurs Rev [Internet]. 2016;63(3):395-40. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12298
9. Dewar B. Cultivating compassionate care. Nurs Stand [Internet]. 2013;27(34):48–55. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maxine_Pryce-Miller/publication/266973445_Developing_compassion_in_pre-registration_education/links/5534a44c0cf2f2a588b26277.pdf
10. Bramley L, Matiti M. How does it really feel to be in my shoes? Patients’ experiences of compassion within nursing care and their perceptions of developing compassionate nurses. J Clin Nurs [Internet]. 2014;23(19–20):2790-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12537
11. Curtis K. Learning the requirements for compassionate practice: student vulnerability and courage. Nurs Ethics [Internet]. 2014;21(2):210-23. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733013478307
12. Christiansen A, O’Brien M, Kirton J, Zubairu K, Bray L. Delivering compassionate care: The enablers and barriers. Br J Nurs [Internet]. 2015;24(16):833–7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2015.24.16.833
13. Crawford P, Brown B, Kvangarsnes M, Gilbert P. The design of compassionate care. J Clin Nurs [Internet]. 2014;23(23–24):3589-99. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12632
14. Papadopoulos I, Taylor G, Ali S, Aagard M, Akman O, Alpers L-M, et al. Exploring Nurses Meaning and Experiences of Compassion: An International Online Survey Involving 15 Countries. J Transcult Nurs [Internet]. 2017; 28(3): 286-95. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659615624740
15. World Health Organization. Process of translation and adaptation of instruments. 2014. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en/
16. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol [Internet]. 2006;3(2):77-101. Disponible en: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/11735/
17. Menage D, Bailey E, Lees S, Coad J. A concept analysis of compassionate midwifery.
J Adv Nurs. 2017; 73(3):558. DOI: 10.1111/jan.13214
18. Singh P, King-Shier K, Sinclair S. The colours and contours of compassion: A systematic review of the perspectives of compassion among ethnically diverse patients and healthcare providers. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2018; 13(5):1-18. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197261
19. Reis Silva AM. A compaixão entre enfermeiros em saúde infantil e pediatria: análise do conceito [Tesis em internet]. Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto; 2014. Disponible en:https://comum.rcaap.pt/bitstream/10400.26/9491/1/Disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Enf%C2%AA%20Ana%20Reis.pdf
20. Brown B, Crawford P, Gilbert P, Gilbert J, Gale C. Practical compassions: repertoires of practice and compassion talk in acute mental healthcare. Sociol Health Illn [Internet]. 2014;36(3):383-99. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12065
21. Curtis K. 21st Century challenges faced by nursing faculty in educating for compassionate practice: Embodied interpretation of phenomenological data. Nurse Educ Today [Internet]. 2013;33(7):46-50. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.05.007
22. Richardson C, Percy M, Hughes J. Nursing therapeutics: Teaching student nurses care, compassion and empathy. Nurse Educ Today [Internet]. 2015;35(5):e1-e5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.01.016
23. Dunne S, Sheffield D, Chilcot J. Brief report: Self-compassion, physical health and the mediating role of health-promoting behaviours. J Health Psychol [Internet].. 2016; 28(7):993-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316643377
24. Zambrano MLC. La humanización de la atención en los servicios de salud: un asunto de cuidado. Rev Cuid [Internet]. 2016;7(1):1227-31. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i1.300
25. Nunes Coelho CS. A compaixão dos enfermeiros perante a criança e sua família, em cuidados paliativos [Tesis em internet]. Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto; 2015. Disponible en:https://comum.rcaap.pt/bitstream/10400.26/9759/1/Claudia%20Nunes_%20Disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o.pdf
26. Cameron RA, Mazer BL, Deluca JM, Mohile SG, Epstein RM. In search of compassion: A new taxonomy of compassionate physician behaviours. Health Expect [Internet]. 2015;18(5):1672-85. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12160
27. Sadooghiasl A, Parvizy S, Ebadi A. Concept analysis of moral courage in nursing: A hybrid model. Nurs Ethic. 2016;25(1):-19. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733016638146
28. Kvangarsnes M. Nurses’ Perspectives on Compassionate Care for Patients with Exacerbated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Allergy Ther [Internet]. 2013;4:158. DOI: 10.4172/2155-6121.1000158
29. Petroulias P, Groesbeck L, Wilson FL. Providing Culturally Competent Care in Home Infusion Nursing. J Infus Nurs [Internet]. 2013;36(2):108-14. DOI: 10.1097/NAN.0b013e31828386d8
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