Keywords
Fecal Transplantation
Intestinal Microbiota
How to Cite
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota (MI) imbalance affects obesity development. Strategies to treat obesity involving to restore this balance, by manipulation of the MI. The effectiveness of fecal transplantation (FT) in certain pathologies, supports as an alternative therapy. The community of Pima Indians (PI) are a benchmark in the study of the etiology of diabetes mellitus type II and obesity. FT was analyzed as a preventive strategy in the development of obesity in PI. To do this, scientific evidence was collected through a qualitative systematic review from 2000 to 2013. The results showed an increase of 112% in the number of scientific publications that associate health to MI. 13% relate an association of MI with obesity. No studies of the MI composition for PI were found. Regarding the FT, was found that this was the treatment less used to restore microbiota. It was concluded that there is a growing scientific interest in the study of MI and two research gaps were evident: the MI composition for PI and studies about the use of FT to determine its effectiveness as a preventive therapy of obesity.References
Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006 14;444(7121):860-7.
[No authors listed]. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Obesity and overweight; World Health Organization. (WHO). Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:i-xii, 1-253.
Pan C, Yoo HJ, Ho LT. Perspectives of CB1 Antagonist in Treatment of Obesity: Experience of RIO-Asia. J Obes. 2011; (2011;957268).
Cani PD, Joly E, Horsmans Y, Delzenne NM. Oligofructose promotes satiety in healthy human: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60(5):567-72.
Tilg H, Kaser A. Gut microbiome, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction. J Clin Invest. 2011; 121(6):2126-32.
Calvani R, Miccheli A, Capuani G, Tomassini Miccheli A, Puccetti C, Delfini M, et al. Gut microbiome-derived metabolites characterize a peculiar obese urinary metabotype. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010; 34(6):1095-8.
Clement K. Bariatric surgery, adipose tissue and gut microbiota. Int J Obes. 2011; 35 Suppl 3:S7-15.
Bäckhed F, Ding H, Wang T, Hooper LV, Koh GY, Nagy A, et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101(44):15718-23.
Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature. 2006; (444): 1027–31.
Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, Gordon JI. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature. 2006; (444):1022-3.
Jumpertz R, Le DS, Turnbaugh PJ, Trinidad C, Bogardus C, Gordon JI, et al. Energy-balance studies reveal associations between gut microbes, caloric load, and nutrient absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011; 94(1):58-65.
Ravussin Y, Koren O, Spor A, LeDuc C, Gutman R, Stombaugh J, et al. Responses of gut microbiota to diet composition and weight loss in lean and obese mice. Obesity. 2012; 20(4):738-47.
Huovinen P. Bacteriotherapy: the time has come : Bacterial interference is an increasingly attractive approach to prevention and therapy. BMJ : British Medical Journal. 2001;323(7309):353-354.
Borody TJ, Paramsothy S, Agrawal G. Fecal microbiota transplantation: indications, methods, evidence, and future directions. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2013; 15(8):337.
Eiseman B, Silen W, Bascom GS, Kauvar AJ. Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Surgery. 1958; 44(5):854-9.
Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, Kelly CP, Loo VG, McDonald LC, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults IDSA. 2010; 31(5):431-55.
Huebner ES, Surawicz CM. Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2006; 35(2):355-65.
Bakken JS. Fecal bacteriotherapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Anaerobe. 2009; 15(6):285-9.
Borody TJ, Warren EF, Leis SM, Surace R, Ashman O, Siarakas S. Bacteriotherapy using fecal flora: toying with human motions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004; 38(6):475-83.
Van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, Fuentes S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368(5):407-15.
Anderson JL, Edney RJ, Whelan K. Systematic review: faecal microbiota transplantation in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012; 36(6): 503-16.
Borody TJ, Warren EF, Leis S, Surace R, Ashman O. Treatment of ulcerative colitis using fecal bacteriotherapy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003; 37(1):42-7.
Vrieze A, Van Nood E, Holleman F, Salojarvi J, Kootte RS, Bartelsman JF, et al. Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2012; 143(4):913-6.
Pavkov ME, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Bennett PH, Krakoff J, Nelson RG. Changing Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Incidence Among Pima Indians. Diabetes Care 2007; 30(7): 1758-63.
Knowler WC, Saad MF, Pettitt DJ, Nelson RG, Bennett PH. Determinants of diabetes mellitus in the Pima Indians. Diabetes care. 1993; 16(1):216-27.
Letelier LM, Manríquez JJ, Rada G. Revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis: ¿son la mejor evidencia?. Rev. méd. Chile. 2005; 133(2): 246-249.
McGuire AL, Colgrove J, Whitney SN, Diaz CM, Bustillos D, Versalovic J. Ethical, legal, and social considerations in conducting the Human Microbiome Project. Genome Research. 2008;18(12):1861-64.
Fleissner CK, Huebel N, Abd El-Bary MM, Loh G, Klaus S, Blaut M. Absence of intestinal microbiota does not protect mice from diet-induced obesity. Br J Nutr. 2010; 104(6):919-29.
Rabot S, Membrez M, Bruneau A, Gérard P, Harach T, Moser M, et al. Germ-free C57BL/6J mice are resistant to high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance and have altered cholesterol metabolism. FASEB J. 2010; 24(12):4948-59.
Duncan SH, Lobley GE, Holtrop G, Ince J, Johnstone AM, Louis P, et al. Human colonic microbiota associated with diet, obesity and weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008; 32(11): 1720-4.
Mai V, McCrary QM, Sinha R, Glei M. Associations between dietary habits and body mass index with gut microbiota composition and fecal water genotoxicity: an observational study in African American and Caucasian American volunteers. J. Nutr. 2009; 21;8:49.
Armougom F, Henry M, Vialettes B, Raccah D, Raoult D. Monitoring bacterial community of human gut microbiota reveals an increase in Lactobacillus in obese patients and methanogens in anorexic patients. PLoS One. 2009; 4(9):e7125.
Furet JP, Kong LC, Tap J, Poitou C, Basdevant A, Bouillot JL, et al. Differential adaptation of human gut microbiota to bariatric surgery-induced weight loss links with metabolic and low-grade inflammation markers. Diabetes. 2010; 59(12):3049-57.
Tagliabue A, Elli M. The role of gut microbiota in human obesity: Recent findings and future perspectives. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013; 23(3):160-8.
Zupancic ML, Cantarel BL, Liu Z, Drabek EF, Ryan KA, Cirimotich S, et al. Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome. Plos One. 2012; 7(8):e43052-62.
Vieira AT, Teixeira MM, Martins FS. The role of probiotics and prebiotics in inducing gut immunity. Frontiers in immunology. 2013; 4:445.
O’Horo JC, Jindai K, Kunzer B, Safdar N. Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. Infection. 2014 Feb;42(1):43-59.
Imhoff A, Karpa K. Is there a future for probiotics in preventing Clostridium difficile-associated disease and treatment of recurrent episodes? Nutr Clin Pract. 2009; 24(1):15-32.
Rhode CL, Bartolini N, Jones N. The use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with special interest in Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Nutr Clin Pract. 2009; 24(1):33-40.
Sharp RR, Achkar JP, Brinich MA, Farrell RM. Helping Patients Make Informed Choices About Probiotics: A Need For Research Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; 104(4):809-13.
Cummings JH, Christie S, Cole TJ. A study of fructo oligosaccharides in the prevention of travellers' diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001; 15(8):1139-45.
Archer BJ, Johnson SK, Devereux HM, Baxter AL. Effect of fat replacement by inulin or lupin-kernel fibre on sausage patty acceptability, post-meal perceptions of satiety and food intake in men. Brit J Nutr. 2004; 91(4):591-9.
Benjamin JL, Hedin CR, Koutsoumpas A, Ng SC, McCarthy NE, Hart AL, et al. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fructo-oligosaccharides in active Crohn's disease. Gut. 2011; 60(7):923-9.
Macfarlane, G.T., Steed, H. and Macfarlane, S. Bacterial metabolism and health-related effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and other prebiotics. JAM. 2008; (104): 305–344.
Tanaka S, Kobayashi T, Songjinda P, Tateyama A, Tsubouchi M, Kiyohara C, et al. Influence of antibiotic exposure in the early postnatal period on the development of intestinal microbiota. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2009; 56(1): 80-7.
Hussey S, Wall R, Gruffman E, O'Sullivan L, Ryan CA, Murphy B, et al. Parenteral antibiotics reduce bifidobacteria colonization and diversity in neonates. Int J Microbiol. 2011; (2011):130574.
Kruis W. Specific probiotics or 'fecal transplantation'. Dig Dis. 2012; (30): 81-4.
Brandt LJ, Aroniadis OC, Mellow M, Kanatzar A, Kelly C, Park T, Stollman N, et al. Long-term follow-up of colonoscopic fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012; 107(7):1079-87.
Aroniadis OC, Brandt LJ. Fecal microbiota transplantation: past, present and future. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013; 29(1):79-84.
Anathaswamy A. Faecal transplant eases symptoms of Parkinson’s. New Scientist. 2011; 209 (2796):8-9.