Resumen
La hipoacusia súbita es una entidad de aparición aguda secundaria a múltiples etiologías, como las enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes sistémicas (ERAS). La afectación suele ser unilateral, asociada a taponamiento de oídos y tinnitus. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica, el examen físico y la audiometría. Según la etiología, el tratamiento de primera línea son los corticoides sistémicos y otros agentes terapéuticos. El pronóstico depende del grado de pérdida auditiva, el momento de inicio de la terapia y factores inherentes al paciente. A continuación, se presentan tres casos clínicos de pacientes que debutaron con hipoacusia súbita como manifestación inicial de ERAS.Citas
Plaza G, Durio E, Herráiz C, Rivera T, García-Berrocal JR. Consenso sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la sordera subita. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2011;62(2):144–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otorri.2010.09.001
Kleyn A De. Sudden complete or partial loss of function of the octavus-system in apparently normal persons. Acta Otolaryngol. 1944;32(5–6):407–29. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016484409119921
Rauch SD. Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(8):833. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp0802129
Herrera M, García Berrocal JR, García Arumí A, Lavilla MJ, Plaza G. Update on consensus on diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2019;70(5):290–300. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.otoeng.2018.04.007
Atturo F, Colangeli R, Bandiera G, Barbara M, Monini S. Can unilateral, progressive or sudden hearing loss be immune-mediated in origin? Acta Otolaryngol. 2017;137(8):823–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016489.2017.1286035
Amor-Dorado JC, Arias-Nuñez MC, Miranda-Filloy JA, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Gonzalez-Gay MA. Audiovestibular manifestations in patients with limited systemic sclerosis and centromere protein-B (CENP-B) antibodies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2008;87(3):131–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0b013e318173aa56
Pascual-Ramos V, Contreras-Yáñez I, Rivera-Hoyos P, Enríquez L, Ramírez-Anguiano J. Cumulative disease activity predicts incidental hearing impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clin Rheumatol. 2014;33(3):315–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2485-6
Tumiati B, Casoli P, Parmeggiani A. Hearing loss in the Sjogren syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126(6):450–3. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-6-199703150-00005
Di Stadio A, Ralli M. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and hearing disorders: Literature review and meta-analysis of clinical and temporal bone findings. J Int Med Res. 2017;45(5):1470–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060516688600
Bakthavachalam S, Driver MS, Cox C, Spiegel JH, Grundfast KM, Merkel PA. Hearing loss in Wegener’s granulomatosis. Otol Neurotol. 2004;25(5):833–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00129492-200409000-00030
Mancini P, Atturo F, Di Mario A, Portanova G, Ralli M, De Virgilio A, et al. Hearing loss in autoimmune disorders: Prevalence and therapeutic options. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(7):644–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.014
Herrera CN, Barreno V ME, Quintana Vega VJ, Suquilanda Feria DB. Hipoacusia y vasculitis cutánea, manifestación inicial de granulomatosis con poliangeítis en una niña de 14 años. Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2019;26(3):216–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcreu.2018.09.002
Chandrasekhar SS, Tsai Do BS, Schwartz SR, Bontempo LJ, Faucett EA, Finestone SA, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg (United States). 2019;161(1_suppl):S1–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599819859885.
Mosnier I. Sordera súbita. EMC - Tratado Med. 2009;13(2):1–7.
Mijovic T, Zeitouni A, Colmegna I. Autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss: The otology-rheumatology interface. Rheumatol (United Kingdom). 2013;52(5):780–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/ket009
Xie S, Ning H, She Y, Jing Q, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, et al. Effect of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis on sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Laryngoscope. 2020;130(10):2475–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28455
Jeong J, Lim H, Lee K, Hong CE, Choi HS. High Risk of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Several Autoimmune Diseases according to a Population-Based National Sample Cohort Study. Audiol Neurotol. 2019;24(5):224-230. https://doi.org/10.1159/000502677
Ralli M, D’Aguanno V, Di Stadio A, De Virgilio A, Croce A, Longo L, et al. Audiovestibular symptoms in systemic autoimmune diseases. J Immunol Res. 2018:5798103. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5798103
González JLT, Torres JR, Ríos YH, González MJV, Mendez Saenz MA, Soto-Galindo GA. Extended high-frequency audiometry as early detection of hearing loss in primary Sjögren syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2017;36(10):2237–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-017-3750-2
Zhang A, Zou T, Guo D, Wang Q, Shen Y, Hu H, et al. The Immune System Can Hear Noise. Front Immunol. 2021;11(February):1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.619189
Li G, You D, Ma J, Li W, Li H, Sun S. The role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Neural Plast. 2018;2018:7691473. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7691473
Sakano H, Harris JP. Emerging options in immune-mediated hearing loss. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2019;4(1):102–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.205
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2023 Universidad del Magdalena