Resumen
El síndrome de lisis tumoral es una emergencia oncológica causada por destrucción de la célula tumoral, de forma espontánea o secundaria a la quimioterapia, que libera el contenido intracelular al torrente sanguíneo y produce hiperuricemia, hiperfosfatemia, hipocalcemia e hiperkalemia. Para su diagnóstico se debe tener un alto grado de sospecha y aplicar los criterios de Cairo-Bishop y Howard. Se presenta caso de un paciente de 35 años de edad, con antecedente de seminoma no gonadal retroperitoneal estadio IIC. Ingresó remitido desde consulta externa por intolerancia a la vía oral, deshidratación y parestesias a nivel de miembros inferiores, hiperkalemia, hipocalcemia e hiperuricemia, además de elevación de creatinina sérica. Se consideró diagnóstico de síndrome de lisis tumoral, y se trató con fluidoterapia agresiva a dosis de 2-3 L/m2/día de solución salina normal. También se indicó rasburicasa y se corrigieron las alteraciones electrolíticas. Una vez se tuvo la función renal por encima de 60 mL/min/1,73 m3, se inició tratamiento citorreductor con cisplatino, etopósido y bleomicina. Se concluye la importancia de tener sospecha diagnóstica en pacientes oncológicos, incluso en neoplasias de bajo riesgo. Asimismo, se resalta que, en las revisiones de la literatura, su incidencia está sujeta a reportes de caso.Citas
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