Comercio, capital mercantil, capital industrial y desarrollo capitalista bloqueado en las economías estatales tempranas
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
El comercio, para muchos arqueólogos, es el medio que una sociedad emplea para mantener o extender sus relaciones y conexiones con el mundo de afuera. Ellas además ven el comercio como un motor del desarrollo social y económi-co-político que se dirige y culmina en el surgimiento de las civilizaciones y en la formación de Estados. Como sea, al enfocarse en la distribución de materias primas y artefactos, ellos típicamente asumen la naturaleza del comercio más que especifica las relaciones sociales que apuntalan la circulación de bienes. Además, ellos raramente tratan la cate-goría analítica en si misma como pro-blemática. En este artículo exploro los fundamentos teoréticos de la “tesis del comercio” la cual ha ganado populari-dad y rápidamente se ha convertido en casi la hegemónica explicación para el desarrollo social durante la década de 1970, a raíz del embargo de la OPEC y la subida de los precios del petróleo después de la guerra de Yom Kippur en octubre de 1973. Este artículo, además, sondea las potenciales interconexiones del comercio, la industrialización y el desarrollo del capitalismo o el no-desa-rrollo en sociedades con incipientes de-sarrollos estatales.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Citas
Bennholdt-Thomsen, Veronika 1982 Subsistence production and extended reproduction. A contribution to the discussion about modes of production. The Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 241-254. London.
Berg, Maxine, Pat Hudson, and Michael Sonenscher, editors 1983 Manufacture in town and country before the factory. Cambridge Univer-sity Press, Cambridge.
Brenner, Robert 1985 The social basis of economic development. In Analytical Marxism, edi-ted by John Roemer, pp. 23-53. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Chevalier, Jacques 1983 There is nothing simple about simple commodity production. The Jour-nal of Peasant Studies, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 153-186. London.
Claessen, Henri and Peter Skalník, editors 1978 The early state. Mouton Publishers, The Hague, Paris, and New York. 1981 The study of the state. Mouton Publishers, The Hague, Paris, and New York.
de Ste. Croix, Geoffrey E. M. 1981 The class struggle in the ancient Greek world from the Archaic Age to the Arab conquests. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
Dobb, Maurice 1967 Studies in the development of capitalism, rev. ed. International Publis-hers, New York.
Dupré, Georges and Pierre Philippe Rey 1978 Reflections on the relevance of a theory of the history of exchange [1966]. In Relations of production; Marxist approaches to economic anthropology, edi-ted by David Seddon, pp. 171-208 Frank Cass, London.
Elvin, Mark 1972 The high-level equilibrium trap: the causes of the decline of invention in traditional Chinese textile industries. In Economic organization in Chinese society, edited by W. E. Willmott, pp. 137-172. Stanford University Press, Stan-ford. 1973 The pattern of the Chinese past; a social and economic interpretation. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth and Eugene D. Genovese 1983 The fruits of merchant capital; slavery and bourgeois property in the rise and expansion of capitalism. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Gailey, Christine W. and Thomas C. Patterson 1988 State formation and uneven development. In State and society; the emer-gence and development of social hierarchy and political centralisation, edited by John Gledhill, Barbara Bender, and Mogens T. Larsen, pp. 77-90. Unwin Hyman, London.
Gledhill, John and Mogens T. Larsen 1982 The Polanyi paradigm and a dynamic analysis of archaic states. In Theory and explanation in archaeology; the Southampton conference, edited by Colin Renfrew, Michael J. Rowlands, and Barbara A. Segraves, pp. 197-230. Acade-mic Press, New York.
Goldmann, Lucien 1973 The philosophy of the Enlightenment; the Christian burgess and the En-lightenment [1968]. The MIT Press, Cambridge.
Katz, Claudio 1989 From feudalism to capitalism; Marxian theories of class struggle and social change. Greenwood Press, New York, Westport, and London.
Krantz, Frederick and Paul M. Hohenberg, editors 1974 Failed transitions to modern industrial society: Renaissance Italy and seventeenth century Holland. Interuniversity Centre for European Studies, Montréal.
Kriedte, Peter, Hans Medick, and Jürgen Schlumbohm 1981 Industrialization before industrialization [1977], translated by Beate Schempp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Love, John R. 1991 Antiquity and capitalism; Max Weber and the sociological foundations of Roman civilization. Routledge, London and New York.
Marx, Karl 1973 Grundrisse; foundations of the critique of political economy [1857-1858]. Vintage Books, New York. 1977 Capital; a critique of political economy, vol. 1 [1867]. Vintage Books, New York. 1981 Capital; a critique of political economy, vol. 3 [1894]. Vintage Books, New York.
Nishijima Sadao 1984 The formation of the early Chinese cotton industry. In State and society in China; Japanese perspectives on Ming-Qing social and economic history, edited by Linda Grove and Christian Daniels, pp. 17-78. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
Perlin, Frank 1983 Proto-industrialization and pre-colonial South Asia. Past and Present, no. 98, pp. 30-95. Oxford.
Pirenne, Henri 1925 Medieval cities; their origins and the revival of trade. Princeton Univer-sity Press, Princeton. 1937 Economic and social history of medieval Europe [1933], translated by I. E. Clegg. Harcourt, Brace and World, New York.
Polanyi, Karl 1957 The economy as an instituted process. In Trade and market in early empi-res, edited by Karl Polanyi, Conrad M. Ahrensberg, and Harry W. Pearson, pp. 243-270. The Free Press, Glencoe.
Price, Barbara 1977 Shifts in production and organization: a cluster interaction model. Cu-rrent Anthropology, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 209-234. Chicago.
Renfrew, Colin 1969 Trade and culture process in European prehistory. Current Anthropology, vol. 10, no. 2-3, pp. 151-169. Chicago. 1978 Space, time and polity. In The evolution of social systems, edited by Jo-nathan Friedman and Michael J. Rowlands, pp. 89-112. Gerald Duckworth and Co., Ltd., London. 1984 Trade as action at a distance [1975]. In Approaches to social archaeolo-gy, by Colin Renfrew, pp. 86-134. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. 1986 Introduction: peer polity interaction and socio-political change. In Peer polity interaction and socio-political change, edited by Colin Renfrew and John F. Cherry, pp. 1-18. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Rodinson, Maxime 1978 Islam and capitalism [1966], translated by Brian Pearce. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Rowlands, Michael, Mogens Larsen, and Kristian Kristiansen, editors 1987 Centre and periphery in the ancient world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Servet, Jean-Michel 1982 Primitive order and archaic trade, part II. Economy and Society, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 22-59. London.
Smith, Adam 1976 An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations [1776], edited by Edward Cannan, 2 vols. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Thapar, Romila 1981 The state as empire. In The study of the state, edited by Henri J. M. Claes-sen and Peter Skalník, pp. 406-426. Mouton Publishers, The Hague, Paris, and New York.
Weber, Max 1976 The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism [1904-1905], translated by Talcott Parsons. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York.