Keywords
risk; timber terminal; port; operations
How to Cite
García, M., Longarete, C., Cancela, C., Sanguinetti, M., Silveira, S., de Alava, D., … Inda, H. (2017). Risk Assessment Methodological Trial: the case of La Paloma Port, Uruguay. Intropica, 12(2). Retrieved from https://revistas.unimagdalena.edu.co/index.php/intropica/article/view/2323
Abstract
Integrated Coastal Zone Management emerges as an integrated and democratic approach to coastal resources management by including stakeholders into decision-making processes and generating accessible and systematized information. Under this theoretical framework and as a response to the new use of the port of La Paloma for timber shipping, this project intends to provide information oriented to improve risk management associated to the activity. The methodology of risk analysis was adopted and developed in three stages: design of a table to identify activities, hazards, geographical delimitations and environmental receptors; probability level of hazard occurrence and consequence severity through interviews to expert technicians; and finally risk estimation through a consequence and probability matrix, which allowed prioritizing risks and developing mitigation recommendations. The results show that the port activities require prioritized and immediate mitigation actions for its management dew to its high-risk impact (risk category: Unacceptable). The main risks associated to the port activities identified were the ones derived from the dredging (sedimentation changes and contamination), ship transit (residual contamination and stranding). These results allowed designing risk management strategies with accessible information for decision makers within an integrated approach towards port managementReferences
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Ayres, L. 2008. Semi-structured interview. En: Given, L. M. Editor. The SAGE encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods Vols. 1 & 2. Sage Publications Inc, London.
Beck, U. 2002. La sociedad del riesgo. Siglo XXI de España Editores S.A, Madrid.
Bidegain, M., Caffera, R. M., Blixen, F., Pshennikov, V., Lagomarsino, J. J., Forbes, E. A., y Nagy, G. J. 2005. Tendencias climáticas, hidrológicas, y oceanográficas en el Río de la Plata y Costa Uruguaya. En: Barros, V., Menéndez, A., Nagy, G. J. Editores. El cambio climático en el Río de la Plata. CIMA Buenos Aires.
Bidegain, M., Crisci, C., del Puerto, L., Inda, H., Mazzeo, M., Taks, J. y Terra, R. 2013. Clima de Cambios. Nuevos desafíos de adaptación en Uruguay. Volumen I: Variabilidad climática de importancia para el sector productivo. Instituto de Estudios de Sostenibilidad y Resiliencia de América del Sur, Montevideo.
Brugnoli, E., Clemente, J., Riestra, G., Boccardi, L., y Borthagaray, A. 2006. Especies acuáticas exóticas en Uruguay: situación, problemática y manejo. En: Menafra, R. L., Rodríguez-Gallego, Scarabino, F. y Conde, D. Editores. Bases para la conservación y el manejo de la costa. Graphis Ltda, Montevideo.
Bryant, E. 2005. Natural Hazards. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Carlton, J. T. 1985. Transoceanic and Interoceanic dispersal of coastal marine organism: the biology of ballast water. Oceanography and Marine Biological Review 23: 313-317.
Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente. 2000. Guía para el control y prevención de la contaminación industrial: actividad portuaria. Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente, Santiago.
Cutter, S. L. 1996. Vulnerability to environmental hazards. Progress in human geography 20 (4): 529-539.
Cutter, S. L., y Finch, C. 2008. Temporal and spatial changes in social vulnerability to natural hazards. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (7): 2301-2306.
Delfino, E., Faiano, G. y Santana, O. 2001. Desembarques industriales y flota pesquera en el puerto de la paloma. Periodo 1998-julio 2000. Boletín del Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras 21: 21-47.
Demicheli, M., y Scarabino, F. 2006. Invertebrados bentónicos de La Paloma (Rocha, Uruguay). En: Menafra, R., Rodríguez-Gallego, L., Scarabino, F. y Conde, D. Editores. Bases para la conservación y el manejo de la costa Uruguaya. Graphis Ltda, Montevideo.
Elsaeed, G. H. 2011. The impact of dredging on coastal environments. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5(2): 74-81.
Etkin, D., Higuchi, K., y Platsis, G. 2012. Thunderstorm and tornado. In: Wisner, B., Gaillard, J. C., y Kelman, I. Editor. The routledge handbook of hazards and disaster risk reduction. Taylor & Francis, New York: Routledge.
Feagin, R. A., Sherman, D. J., y Grant, W. E. 2005. Coastal erosion, global sea-level rise, and the loss of sand dune plant habitats. Frontiers in ecology and the environment 3 (7): 359-364.
Fondo de Prevención y atención de emergencias FOPAE. 2012. Metodologías de análisis de riesgo. Documento soporte. Guía para elaborar planes de emergencia y contingencias. Alcaldía de Bogotá, Bogotá.
Glavovic, B. 2015. On the frontline in the Anthropocene: Adapting to climate change through deliberative coastal governance. En: Glavovic, B. C., Kelly, P. M., Kay, R., y Travers, A. Editor. Climate change and the coast: Building resilient communities. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, New York.
Gorgon Report. 2005. Risk Assessment Process. Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Review and Management Programme for the Gorgon Development, Chevron Australia Pty Limited, Sidney.
Goyos F., Lagos X., Marchesse L., Rossi R. y Verrastro N. 2011. La Paloma- Costa de Oro. En: Conde D. Editor. Manejo Costero Integrado en Uruguay: Ocho Ensayos Interdisciplinarios. Centro Interdisciplinario para el Manejo Costero Integrado del Cono Sur, Montevideo.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística. 2011. Censo 2011. URL:http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/rocha.html. Consultado: 20 de mayo 2016.
Knutson, T. R., McBride, J. L., Chan, J., Emanuel, K., Holland, G., Landsea, C., Held, I., Kossin, J. P., Srivastava, A. K. y Sugi, M. 2010. Tropical cyclones and climate change. Nature geoscience 3:157-163.
Lavell, A. 2003. Gestión Local del riesgo, nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Guatemala, Guatemala: CEPREDENAC.
Leatherman, S. P., Zhang, K., y Douglas, B. C. 2000. Sea level rise shown to drive coastal erosion. Earth and space science news 81 (6): 55-57.
Lozoya, J. P., Sardá, R. y Jiménez, J. A. 2011. A Methodological framework for multi-hazard risk assessment in beaches. Environmental Science & Policy 14:685-696.
Luedeling, E., Muthuri, C. y Kindt, R. 2013. Ecosystem vulnerability to climate change: a literature review. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi.
Mach, K J., Planton, S. y Von Stechow, C. 2014: Annex II: Glossary. In: Pachauri R. K. y. Meyer, L. A. Editor. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva.
McGranahan, G., Balk, D., y Anderson, B. 2007. The rising tide: assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. Environment and Urbanization 19(1): 17-37.
Morgan, D. L. 2008. Snowball sampling. En: Given, L. M. Editor. The SAGE encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods Vols. 1 & 2. Sage Publications Inc., London.
Morrow, B. H. 2009. Risk behavior and risk communication: synthesis and expert interviews. En: Final Report for the NOAA Coastal Services Center. NOAA, Miami.
Nicholls, R. J. y Cazenave, A. 2010. Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones. Science 328 (5985): 1517-1520.
Oliver-Smith, A. 2002. Theorizing disasters: Nature, power, and culture. En: Hoffman S. M. y Oliver-Smith A. Editor. Catastrophe & culture: The anthropology of disaster. Santa Fe, New México.
Parry, M., Canziani, O., Palutikof, J., van der Linden, P., y Hanson, C. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Cambridge. University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Phillips, B. D. y Fordham, M. 2010. Introduction. En: Phillips, B. D., Thomas D. S. K., Fothergill, A. y Blinn-Pike, L. Editores. Social vulnerability to disasters. Boca Ratón. CRC Press, Davos.
Piedra, M., Costa, P., Franco, P. y Álvarez, R. 2006. Ballena franca (Eubalaeana australbis) en la costa atlántica uruguaya. En: Menafra, R., Rodríguez-Gallego, L, Scarabino, F. y Conde, D. Editores. Bases para la conservación y el manejo de la costa Uruguaya. Graphis Ltda, Montevideo.
Ruiz, G. M., Fofonoff, P. W., Carlton, J. T., Wonham, M. J. y Hines, A. H. 2000. Invasion of coastal marine communities in North America: apparent patterns, processes, and biases. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31: 481-531.
Sánchez, M. 2012. La Paloma. De paseo por el Cabo de Santa María. Torre del Viga ediciones, La Paloma, Rocha.
Silva, J.S.V., Da Costa F., Correa, R.C., Sampaio K.T. y Danelon O.M. 2004. Água de lastro e bioinvasão. En: Silva, J.S.V y Souza Editores. Água de lastro e bioinvasão. Interciencia, Rio de Janeiro.
Stansbury, J., Bogardi, I. y Stakhiv, E. 1999. Risk-Cost Optimization Under Uncertainty for Dredged Material Disposal. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management ASCE, 6:342-351.
Taubenbock, H., Post, J., Roth, A., Kosseder, K., Strunz, G., y Dech, S. 2008. A conceptual vulnerability and risk framework as outline to identify capabilities of remote sensing, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8:409-420.
UN Atlas of the Oceans. 2014. Human settlements on the coast. URL: http://www.oceansatlas.org/. Consultado: 05 de junio 2016.
Varese, J. A. 1993. De naufragios y leyendas en las costas de Rocha. Editorial Fin de Siglo, Montevideo.
Webster, P. J., Holland, G. J., Curry, J. A. y Chang, H. R. 2005. Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment. Science 309(5742):1844-1846.
Whomersley, P., Ware, S., Rees, H. L., Mason, C., Bolam, T., Huxham, M. y Bates, H. 2008. Biological indicators of disturbance at a dredged-material disposal site in Liverpool Bay, UK: an assessment using time-series data. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 1414–1420.
Wisner, B., Blaikie, P. M., Cannon, T. y Davis, I. 2003. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters. Second Edition. Taylor & Francis, Routledge, London.
World Water Assessment Programme. 2009. The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Water in a Changing World. Paris: UNESCO, and London: Earthscan, London.
Woth, K., Weisse, R., y Storch, H. V. 2006. Climate change and North Sea storm surge extremes: an ensemble study of storm surge extremes expected in a changed climate projected by four different regional climate models. Ocean Dynamics 56(1): 3-15.
Zhang, K., Douglas, B. C., y Leatherman, S. P. 2004. Global warming and coastal erosion. Climate Change 64 (41-58).
Arocena, J., Masiglia, J., Rebollo, E. y Capandeguy, D. 2006. La Paloma, Departamento de Rocha: Una sociedad en busca de sí misma. Instituto de Estudios del Desarrollo Regional y Local, Montevideo.
Ayres, L. 2008. Semi-structured interview. En: Given, L. M. Editor. The SAGE encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods Vols. 1 & 2. Sage Publications Inc, London.
Beck, U. 2002. La sociedad del riesgo. Siglo XXI de España Editores S.A, Madrid.
Bidegain, M., Caffera, R. M., Blixen, F., Pshennikov, V., Lagomarsino, J. J., Forbes, E. A., y Nagy, G. J. 2005. Tendencias climáticas, hidrológicas, y oceanográficas en el Río de la Plata y Costa Uruguaya. En: Barros, V., Menéndez, A., Nagy, G. J. Editores. El cambio climático en el Río de la Plata. CIMA Buenos Aires.
Bidegain, M., Crisci, C., del Puerto, L., Inda, H., Mazzeo, M., Taks, J. y Terra, R. 2013. Clima de Cambios. Nuevos desafíos de adaptación en Uruguay. Volumen I: Variabilidad climática de importancia para el sector productivo. Instituto de Estudios de Sostenibilidad y Resiliencia de América del Sur, Montevideo.
Brugnoli, E., Clemente, J., Riestra, G., Boccardi, L., y Borthagaray, A. 2006. Especies acuáticas exóticas en Uruguay: situación, problemática y manejo. En: Menafra, R. L., Rodríguez-Gallego, Scarabino, F. y Conde, D. Editores. Bases para la conservación y el manejo de la costa. Graphis Ltda, Montevideo.
Bryant, E. 2005. Natural Hazards. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Carlton, J. T. 1985. Transoceanic and Interoceanic dispersal of coastal marine organism: the biology of ballast water. Oceanography and Marine Biological Review 23: 313-317.
Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente. 2000. Guía para el control y prevención de la contaminación industrial: actividad portuaria. Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente, Santiago.
Cutter, S. L. 1996. Vulnerability to environmental hazards. Progress in human geography 20 (4): 529-539.
Cutter, S. L., y Finch, C. 2008. Temporal and spatial changes in social vulnerability to natural hazards. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (7): 2301-2306.
Delfino, E., Faiano, G. y Santana, O. 2001. Desembarques industriales y flota pesquera en el puerto de la paloma. Periodo 1998-julio 2000. Boletín del Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras 21: 21-47.
Demicheli, M., y Scarabino, F. 2006. Invertebrados bentónicos de La Paloma (Rocha, Uruguay). En: Menafra, R., Rodríguez-Gallego, L., Scarabino, F. y Conde, D. Editores. Bases para la conservación y el manejo de la costa Uruguaya. Graphis Ltda, Montevideo.
Elsaeed, G. H. 2011. The impact of dredging on coastal environments. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5(2): 74-81.
Etkin, D., Higuchi, K., y Platsis, G. 2012. Thunderstorm and tornado. In: Wisner, B., Gaillard, J. C., y Kelman, I. Editor. The routledge handbook of hazards and disaster risk reduction. Taylor & Francis, New York: Routledge.
Feagin, R. A., Sherman, D. J., y Grant, W. E. 2005. Coastal erosion, global sea-level rise, and the loss of sand dune plant habitats. Frontiers in ecology and the environment 3 (7): 359-364.
Fondo de Prevención y atención de emergencias FOPAE. 2012. Metodologías de análisis de riesgo. Documento soporte. Guía para elaborar planes de emergencia y contingencias. Alcaldía de Bogotá, Bogotá.
Glavovic, B. 2015. On the frontline in the Anthropocene: Adapting to climate change through deliberative coastal governance. En: Glavovic, B. C., Kelly, P. M., Kay, R., y Travers, A. Editor. Climate change and the coast: Building resilient communities. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, New York.
Gorgon Report. 2005. Risk Assessment Process. Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Review and Management Programme for the Gorgon Development, Chevron Australia Pty Limited, Sidney.
Goyos F., Lagos X., Marchesse L., Rossi R. y Verrastro N. 2011. La Paloma- Costa de Oro. En: Conde D. Editor. Manejo Costero Integrado en Uruguay: Ocho Ensayos Interdisciplinarios. Centro Interdisciplinario para el Manejo Costero Integrado del Cono Sur, Montevideo.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística. 2011. Censo 2011. URL:http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/rocha.html. Consultado: 20 de mayo 2016.
Knutson, T. R., McBride, J. L., Chan, J., Emanuel, K., Holland, G., Landsea, C., Held, I., Kossin, J. P., Srivastava, A. K. y Sugi, M. 2010. Tropical cyclones and climate change. Nature geoscience 3:157-163.
Lavell, A. 2003. Gestión Local del riesgo, nociones y precisiones en torno al concepto y la práctica. Guatemala, Guatemala: CEPREDENAC.
Leatherman, S. P., Zhang, K., y Douglas, B. C. 2000. Sea level rise shown to drive coastal erosion. Earth and space science news 81 (6): 55-57.
Lozoya, J. P., Sardá, R. y Jiménez, J. A. 2011. A Methodological framework for multi-hazard risk assessment in beaches. Environmental Science & Policy 14:685-696.
Luedeling, E., Muthuri, C. y Kindt, R. 2013. Ecosystem vulnerability to climate change: a literature review. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi.
Mach, K J., Planton, S. y Von Stechow, C. 2014: Annex II: Glossary. In: Pachauri R. K. y. Meyer, L. A. Editor. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva.
McGranahan, G., Balk, D., y Anderson, B. 2007. The rising tide: assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. Environment and Urbanization 19(1): 17-37.
Morgan, D. L. 2008. Snowball sampling. En: Given, L. M. Editor. The SAGE encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods Vols. 1 & 2. Sage Publications Inc., London.
Morrow, B. H. 2009. Risk behavior and risk communication: synthesis and expert interviews. En: Final Report for the NOAA Coastal Services Center. NOAA, Miami.
Nicholls, R. J. y Cazenave, A. 2010. Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones. Science 328 (5985): 1517-1520.
Oliver-Smith, A. 2002. Theorizing disasters: Nature, power, and culture. En: Hoffman S. M. y Oliver-Smith A. Editor. Catastrophe & culture: The anthropology of disaster. Santa Fe, New México.
Parry, M., Canziani, O., Palutikof, J., van der Linden, P., y Hanson, C. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Cambridge. University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Phillips, B. D. y Fordham, M. 2010. Introduction. En: Phillips, B. D., Thomas D. S. K., Fothergill, A. y Blinn-Pike, L. Editores. Social vulnerability to disasters. Boca Ratón. CRC Press, Davos.
Piedra, M., Costa, P., Franco, P. y Álvarez, R. 2006. Ballena franca (Eubalaeana australbis) en la costa atlántica uruguaya. En: Menafra, R., Rodríguez-Gallego, L, Scarabino, F. y Conde, D. Editores. Bases para la conservación y el manejo de la costa Uruguaya. Graphis Ltda, Montevideo.
Ruiz, G. M., Fofonoff, P. W., Carlton, J. T., Wonham, M. J. y Hines, A. H. 2000. Invasion of coastal marine communities in North America: apparent patterns, processes, and biases. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31: 481-531.
Sánchez, M. 2012. La Paloma. De paseo por el Cabo de Santa María. Torre del Viga ediciones, La Paloma, Rocha.
Silva, J.S.V., Da Costa F., Correa, R.C., Sampaio K.T. y Danelon O.M. 2004. Água de lastro e bioinvasão. En: Silva, J.S.V y Souza Editores. Água de lastro e bioinvasão. Interciencia, Rio de Janeiro.
Stansbury, J., Bogardi, I. y Stakhiv, E. 1999. Risk-Cost Optimization Under Uncertainty for Dredged Material Disposal. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management ASCE, 6:342-351.
Taubenbock, H., Post, J., Roth, A., Kosseder, K., Strunz, G., y Dech, S. 2008. A conceptual vulnerability and risk framework as outline to identify capabilities of remote sensing, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8:409-420.
UN Atlas of the Oceans. 2014. Human settlements on the coast. URL: http://www.oceansatlas.org/. Consultado: 05 de junio 2016.
Varese, J. A. 1993. De naufragios y leyendas en las costas de Rocha. Editorial Fin de Siglo, Montevideo.
Webster, P. J., Holland, G. J., Curry, J. A. y Chang, H. R. 2005. Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment. Science 309(5742):1844-1846.
Whomersley, P., Ware, S., Rees, H. L., Mason, C., Bolam, T., Huxham, M. y Bates, H. 2008. Biological indicators of disturbance at a dredged-material disposal site in Liverpool Bay, UK: an assessment using time-series data. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 1414–1420.
Wisner, B., Blaikie, P. M., Cannon, T. y Davis, I. 2003. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters. Second Edition. Taylor & Francis, Routledge, London.
World Water Assessment Programme. 2009. The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Water in a Changing World. Paris: UNESCO, and London: Earthscan, London.
Woth, K., Weisse, R., y Storch, H. V. 2006. Climate change and North Sea storm surge extremes: an ensemble study of storm surge extremes expected in a changed climate projected by four different regional climate models. Ocean Dynamics 56(1): 3-15.
Zhang, K., Douglas, B. C., y Leatherman, S. P. 2004. Global warming and coastal erosion. Climate Change 64 (41-58).
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