Keywords
electricidad; magnetismo; germinación; tratamiento magnético
How to Cite
Carbonell, M. V., Flórez, M., Martínez, E., & Álvarez, J. (2017). Contributions to the magnetic field: history and influence on biological systems. Intropica, 12(2). Retrieved from https://revistas.unimagdalena.edu.co/index.php/intropica/article/view/2282
Abstract
This article reviews the history of magnetism following a chronological order, starting with the evolution of scientific knowledge regarding the topic in earlier civilizations, then moving to Egypt and China, later on to Ancient Greece and Rome, and ending at the Middle Ages and Early Modern period. The findings of prominent theoretical contributors to electromagnetism such as Oersted, Biot and Savart, Ampère, Sturgeon, Faraday, Lenz, Maxwell and Coulomb are discussed. The basics of magnetism --especially its relationship to electrical load-- are summarized. The interaction between magnetic fields and biological systems, plants and seeds above all, is highlighted as well. Based on an exhaustive bibliographic review, the effects of the magnetic field of the Earth as natural magnetism and those caused by the application of stationary magnetic fields on plant species are described in detail.References
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Dycus, A.M., Shultz, A. y Smith, P. 1966. Effect on early plant growth of nulled and directional magnetic field environment. 3rd International Biomagnetic Symposium. Universidad de Illinois, Chicago.
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Es’kov, E.K., Darkov, A.V. y Shvetsov, G.A. 2005. Dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of biological objects on their physiological state and viability. Biofizika 50(2): 357-389.
Es’kov, E.K., Radionov, A. y Yu, A. 2010. Initial growth processes in seeds in magnetic fields, strengthened or weakened in relation to the geomagnetic field. Biology Bulletin 37(1): 49-55.
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Hozayn, M. Amal, A.A. y Abdel-Rahman, H.M.H. 2015. Effect of magnetic field on germination, seedling growth and cytogenetic of onion (Allium cepa L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research 10(8): 849-857.
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Baghel, L., Kataria, S. y Guruprasad, K.N. 2016. Static magnetic field treatment of seeds improves carbon and nitrogen metabolism under salinity stress in soybean. Bioelectromagnetics 37(7): 455-70.
Bhardwaj, J., Anand, A. y Nagarajan, S. 2012. Biochemical and biophysical changes associated with magnetopriming in germinating cucumber seeds. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 57: 67-73.
Belyavskaya, N.A. 2004. Biological effects due to weak magnetic field on plants. Original Research Article Advances in Space Research 34(7): 1566-1574.
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Carbonell, M.V., Flórez, M., Martínez, E., Maqueda, R. y Amaya, J.M. 2011. Study of stationary magnetic fields on initial growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. Seed Science and Technoly 39: 673-679.
Carbonell, M.V., Martínez, E. y Flórez M. 2013.Tratamiento magnético como técnica estimulante de la germinación de semillas de Soja. Revista Ingeniería de los Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente – EIDENAR 12: 119- 127.
Chao, L. y Walker, D. 1967. Effects of magnetic field on the germination of apple, apricot and peach seeds. Horticultarae science 2(4): 152-153.
Chauhan, T.S. y Agrawal, A.S. 1977. Effect of magnetism on germination of Sonalika wheat. Acta Botanica (India) 5: 66-68.
Chausav, R.P. 1967. Effect of magnetic field and rotation of the Earth on seed germination and shoot growth. Fizologiya Rast 14: 540-543.
Cheng, D.K. 1997. Fundamentos de electromagnetismo para ingeniería. Addison-Wesley Iberoamericana, México D.F.
Dayal, S. y Singh, N. 1986. Effect of seed exposure to magnetic field on the height of tomato plants. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 56 (6): 483-487.
De Souza, A., Porras, E. y Casate, R. 1999. Efecto del tratamiento magnético de las semillas de tomate sobre la germinación y el crecimiento de las plántulas. Investigación agraria, producción y protección vegetales 14(3): 437-444.
Díaz-González, J. 1950. Historia de la Medicina en la Antigüedad. Editorial Barna, Barcelona.
Dini, L. y Abbro, L. 2004. Bioeffects of moderate-intensity static magnetic fields on cell cultures. Micron 36: 195-217.
Dycus, A.M., Shultz, A. y Smith, P. 1966. Effect on early plant growth of nulled and directional magnetic field environment. 3rd International Biomagnetic Symposium. Universidad de Illinois, Chicago.
Es’kov, E.K. y Darkov, V.A. 2003. Consequences of high intensity magnetic effects on the early growth Processes in plant seeds and the development of honeybees. Biology Bulletin 30(5): 617-622.
Es’kov, E.K., Darkov, A.V. y Shvetsov, G.A. 2005. Dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of biological objects on their physiological state and viability. Biofizika 50(2): 357-389.
Es’kov, E.K., Radionov, A. y Yu, A. 2010. Initial growth processes in seeds in magnetic fields, strengthened or weakened in relation to the geomagnetic field. Biology Bulletin 37(1): 49-55.
Flórez, M. 2004. Efecto de campos magnéticos estacionarios de 125 mT y 250 mT en la germinación de semillas y desarrollo de plántulas. Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España.
Flórez, M., Carbonell, V. y Martínez, E. 2007. Exposure of maize seeds to stationary magnetic fields: effects on germination and early growth. Environmental and Experimental Botany 59(1): 68-75.
Flórez, M., Martínez, E. y Carbonell, M.V. 2012. Effect of magnetic field treatment on germination of medicinal plants Salvia officinalis L. and Calendula officinalis L. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 21: 57-63.
Gamow, G. 2001. Biografía de la Física. Alianza Editorial, Madrid.
Gorya, V.S. 1969. The effect of seeds orientation in soil relative to geomagnetic pole on the growth and development of Maize. Brief results of work Moldavian Institute of Plant and Seed Breeding and Agrotechnology of Field Crops, Chisinau.
Gubbels, G.H. 1982. Seedling growth and yield response of flax, buckwheat, sunflower and field pie after pre seedling magnetic treatment. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 62: 61-64.
Gusta, L.V., Kirkland, K.J. y Austenson, H.M. 1978. Effects of brief magnetic exposure on cereal germination and seedling growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 58: 79-86.
Gutiérrez, A.M., Torres, C. y Díaz, J.E. 2014. Effect of magnetic fields in germination, growth, and microbial florishing in seedlings of Brachiaria humidicola, Panicum maximum, and Zea mays (Poaceae). Revista de Ciencias 18(1): 9-17.
Hajnorouzi, A., Vaezzadeha,M., Ghanatib, F., Jamnezhada, H. y Nahidianb, B. 2011. Growth promotion and a decrease of oxidative stress in maize seedlings by a combination of geomagnetic and weak electromagnetic fields. Journal of Plant Physiology 168: 1123–1128.
Harichand, K.S., Narula, V. y Raj, D. 2002. Effect of magnetic fields on germination, vigour and seed yield of wheat. Seed Research 30(2): 289-293.
Hozayn, M. Amal, A.A. y Abdel-Rahman, H.M.H. 2015. Effect of magnetic field on germination, seedling growth and cytogenetic of onion (Allium cepa L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research 10(8): 849-857.
Jristova, M. 1986. Técnicas de Irradiación en la Agricultura y la Industria Alimenticia. Memorias escuela para los problemas actuales de las ciencias nucleares. La Habana.
Kato, R., Kamada, H. y Aashima, M. 1989. Effects of high and very low magnetic field on the growth of hairy roots of Daucus carota and Atropa beladonna. Plant Cell Physiology 30: 605-608.
Kirschvink, J.L., Jones, D.S. y McFadden, B.J. 1985. Magnetite Biomineralization and Magnetoreception in Organisms: A New Biomagnetism. Ed. Plenum Press. New York.
Kirschvink, J. y Walker, M. 2001. Magnetic-based magnetoreception. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 11: 462-467.
Kursevich, N.V. y Travkin, M.P. 1973. Effects of magnetic fields with different intensities on some enzymes activities in barely seedlings. En: Belgorod Teacher's Training College Publishing Co. Effects of Natural and Weak Artificial Magnetic Fields on Biological Objects. Belgorod.
Laín Entralgo, P. 1973. Historia Universal de la Medicina. Editorial Salvat. Barcelona. España.
Lebedev, S.I., Baranskiy, P.I., Litvinenko, L.G., Shiyan, L.T. 1977. Barley growth in superweak magnetic field. Electronic Treatment of Materials 3: 71-73.
Lozano, E. 1995. Historia de la electricidad y el magnetismo. Su aplicación en medicina. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
Maffei, M.E. 2014. Magnetic field effects on plant growth, development, and evolution. Frontiers in Plant Science 5: 445.
Maqueda, M.R. 2005. Efecto de la exposición a campos magnéticos de 125 mT y 250 mT en la germinación y primeras etapas de crecimiento del guisante. Trabajo fin de carrera, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España.
Matía, I., González-Camacho, F., Herranz, R., Kiss, J.Z., Gasset, G., J.W.A. van Loon, J., Marco, R. y Medina, F.J. 2009. Plant cell proliferation and growth are altered by microgravity conditions in spaceflight. Journal of Plant Physiology 167: 184-193.
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