Palabras clave
pesca experimental; aguas profundas; selectividad; palangre; anzuelo; carnada; Sebastolobus altivelis
Cómo citar
Flores Olivares, J., Vázquez Olivares, A. E., & Murillo Olmeda, A. (2018). Eficiencia y selectividad de carnada y anzuelo en el uso del palangre para la captura del pez “cabeza de tornillo” espina larga (Sebastolobus altivelis) en aguas profundas de Baja California, México. Intropica, 13(1), 31–40. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.unimagdalena.edu.co/index.php/intropica/article/view/2380
Resumen
La sobreexplotación pesquera ha provocado la necesidad de explorar nuevas especies en zonas de pesca no tradicionales y evaluar las artes de pesca más adecuadas para su captura. En este estudio se determina la eficiencia y selectividad del palangre de fondo con dos tipos de anzuelos y dos tipos de carnadas para la pesca del pez de profundidad cabeza de tornillo espina larga (Sebastolobus altivelis), el cual puede representar una pesquería de gran potencial en la zona occidental de Baja California, por su valor y aceptación en el mercado gourmet norteamericano y asiático. El trabajo se realizó de julio de 2012 a marzo de 2013 en un área comprendida desde Coronado (32°23’26” N, 117º23’20” O) hasta Pescadero (31°55’31”N, 117º04’12” O), en la costa occidental de Baja California, a profundidades entre 457 a 1100 m, empleando un palangre provisto de anzuelos de tipo circular plano 10/0 y 11/0 y sardina y anchoveta como carnada. Para determinar la eficiencia de los anzuelos y tipo de carnada se usó la relación de las capturas nominales por cada cien anzuelos, captura por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE), y la selectividad a partir de una curva de capturas linearizada, empleando el programa FISAT ll (FAO/ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools). Del total de la captura, a una muestra de 608 organismos se les midió la longitud y el peso. El rango de tallas fue de 18 a 32 cm y el peso entre 110 y 400 g. No se encontró diferencia significativa (P>0,05) entre la eficiencia de los dos tipos de anzuelos con una CPUE de 0,958 y 0,716 (kg/100 anzuelos) para el 11/0 y 10/0, respectivamente, ni entre el tipo de carnada con una CPUE 0,969 y 1,131 para sardina y anchoveta correspondientemente. El análisis de selectividad demostró que la talla de retención L50% para el anzuelo 11/0 fue de 291,9 mm y para el 10/0 de 302,1 mm. Se determinó que para la efectividad de la pesca de esta especie con estas dimensiones comerciales es indistinto utilizar palangres de fondo con anzuelos 10 y 11 y/o sardina y anchoveta como carnada. Sin embargo se recomienda el uso de anzuelos de mayor tamaño como medida para su preservación por su alta longevidad.Citas
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Best, E. 1964. Spawning of longspine channel rockfish, Sebastolobus altivelis. California fish and game (50):265-267.
Beverton, R. y Holt, S. 1966. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. Fishery Investigations, London, Series 2(19): 533.
Bigelow, K., Boggs, C. y He, X., 1999. Environmental effects on swordfish and blue shark catch rate in the US North Pacific longline fishery. Fisheries Oceanography 8 (3): 178-198.
Bjordal, Ǻ. y Løkkeborg. S. 1996. Longlining. Fishing News Books. Blackwell Science, London.
Blaha, F., 2003. Bait for longlining fishery on snapper (Pagrus auratus). Tesis de Maestría, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Broadhurst, M. y Hazin, H. 2001. Influences of type and orientation of bait on catch of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and other species in artisanal sub-surface longline fishery off northeastern Brazil. Fisheries Research (53): 169-179.
Csirke, J. 2005. Producción y situación mundial de los recursos pesqueros marinos. En: FAO. Editor. Examen de la situación de los recursos pesqueros marinos mundiales. Documento Técnico de Pesca FAO, Roma.
Csirke, J., Gumy, A., Lleonart, J., González de la Rocha, J., Seijo, J.C., Sosa, E. y Martínez-Cordero, F.J. 2005. Evaluación para el fortalecimiento del Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. FAO, Roma.
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Erzini, K., Gonçalves, J., Bentes, L., Lino, P. y Ribeiro, J. 1997. Longline selectivity and biology of “red” seabreams (Sparidae). Final Report, Project Ref. Besugo C/1 94/059. European Commission, DGXIV Fisheries, Universida de do Algarve, UCTRA.
Fay, G. 2006. Stock Assessment and Status of Longspine Thornyhead (Sebastolobus altivelis) off California, Oregon and Washington in 2005 Draft for September PFMC Meeting 30th August 2005. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Washington D.C.
Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. y Niem, V. 1995. Guía FAO para la identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2. FAO. Roma.
Flores, J., Chávez, O. y Jiménez, Q. 2009. Captura de Eptatretus stoutii frente a la Costa Noroccidental de la Baja California, México, 2006-2008. Ciencia Pesquera 2 (17) 53-64.
Haigh, R. y Schnute, J. 2003. The Longspine Thornyhead fishery along the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada: portrait of a developing fishery. North American Journal of Fisheries Management (23): 120-140.
Haigh, R., Olsen, N. y Starr, P. 2005. A review of longspine thornyhead Sebastolobus altivelis along the Pacific coast of Canada: Biology, distribution, and abundance trends. Canadian stock assessment advisory. Research document 2005/097, Fisheries and Oceans, Otawwa.
Ianelli, J., Lauth, R. y Jacobson, L. 1994. Status of the thornyhead (Sebastolobus sp.) resource in 1994. Appendix D. En: Status of the Pacific coast groundfish fishery through 1994 and recommended acceptable biological catches for 1995. Editor. Appendix (1): Stock assessment and fishery evaluation. Pacific Fishery Management Council, Portland, Oregon.
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INP, 2004. Carta Nacional Pesquera. Diario Oficial de la Federación. Subsecretaria de Pesca, Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. México, D. F., México.
Jacobson, L. 1991. Thornyheads stock assessment for 1991. En: appendices to the Status of the Pacific coast groundfish fishery through 1990 and recommended acceptable biological catches for 1991. Appendix (1): Stock Assessment and fishery evaluation. PFMC. Portland, Oregon.
Jacobsen, J. y Joensen, J. 2004. Comparison of bait in longline fishery. Tesis Biologia, University of Faroe Island, Faroe Island, Denmark.
Jacobson, L. y Vetter, R. 1996. Bathymetric demography and niche separation of thornyhead rockfish: Sebastolobus alascanus and Sebastablobus altivelis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (53): 600-609.
Kerstetter, D. y Graves, J. 2006. Effects of the circle versus J-style hooks on target and no-target species in a pelagic longline fisheries. Fisheries Research (80): 239-250.
Kimura, D. y Zenger, H. 1997. Standardizing sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) long-line survey abundance indices by modeling the log-ratio of paired comparative fishing CPUES. ICES, Journal of Marine Science (54): 48-59.
Løkkeborg, S. y Bjordal, Å. 1992. Species and size selectivity in long line fishing: a review. Fisheries Research (13): 311-322.
Love, M., Yoklavich, M. y Thorsteinson, L. 2002. The Rockfishes of the Northeast Pacific. University of California Press, Berkley, California.
Miller, D. y Lea, R., 1972. Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. Fish Bullettin 157, Department Fish and Game, California.
Moser, H. 1974. Development and distribution of larvae and juveniles of Sebastolobus (Pisces; family Scorpaenidae). Fishery Bulletin (72): 865-884.
Orr, J., Brown, M. y Baker, D. 1998. Guide to Rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of the Genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-95, Seattle.
Pearcy, W. 1962. Egg masses and early developmental stages of the scorpaneid fish, Sebastolobus. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada (19): 1169-1173.
Pearson, K. y Gunderson, D. 2003. Reproductive biology and ecology of shortspine thornyhead rockf ish, Sebastolobus alascanus, and longspine thornyhead rockfish, S. altivelis, from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Environmental Biology of Fishes (67):11−136.
Ralston, S. 1990. Size selection of snappers (Lutjanidae) by hook and line gear. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (47): 696-700.
Rogers, J., Jacobson, L., Lauth, R., Ianelli, J. y Wilkins, M. 1997. Status of the Thornyhead (Sebastolobus sp.) Resource in 1997. En: Pacific Fishery Management Council. 1997. Appendix: Status of the Pacific Coast Groundfishery Through 1997 and Recommended Biological Catches for 1998: Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation. Pacific Fishery Management Council. Portland, Oregon.
Santana, H., Macías, R. y Valdez, J. 1998. Selectividad del sistema de palangre utilizado por la flota mexicana en la zona económica exclusiva. Ciencias Marinas (24): 193-210.
Siebenaller, J., 1978. Genetic variability in deep-sea fishes of the genus Sebastolobus (Scorpaenidae). En: Battaglia, B. y Beardmore, J.A. Editor. Marine organisms: genetics, ecology and evolution. Plennum Press, New York.
Siebenaller, J. y Somero, G. 1982. The Maintenance of different enzyme activity levels in congeneric fishes living at different depths. Physiological Zoology (55): 171-179.
Smith Jr., K. y Brown, N. 1983. Oxygen consumption of pelagic juveniles and demersal adults of the deep-sea fish Sebastolobus altivelis, measured at depth. Marine Biology (76): 325-332.
Sokal, R. y Rohlf, F. 1981. USA, Freeman, Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in Biological Research. Freeman and Company, New York.
Starr, P. y. Haigh, R. 2000. Assessment of the Canadian longspine thornyhead (Sebastolobus altivelis) for 2000. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat. Nanaimo, British Columbia.
Thomson, D., Findley, L. y Kerstitch, A. 1979. Reef Fishes of the Sea of Cortez. Wiley, Nueva York,
Vetter, R. y Lynn, E. 1997. Bathymetric demography, enzyme activity patterns, and bioenergetics of deep-living scorpaenid fishes (genera Sebastes and Sebastolobus): paradigms revisited. Marine Ecology Progress Series (155): 173-188.
Wakefield, W. 1990. Patterns in the distribution of demersal fishes on the upper continental slope off central California with studies on the role of ontogenetic vertical migration in particle flux. Tesis de doctorado. University of California. San Diego, CA.
Wakefield, W. y Smith. Jr, K. 1990. Ontogenetic vertical migration in Sebastolobus altivelis as a mechanism for transport of particulate organic matter at continental slope depths. Limnology and Oceanography (35): 1314-1328.
Yokota, K., Kiyota, M. y Minami, H. 2006. Shark catch in a pelagic longline fishery: comparison of circle and tuna hooks. Fisheries Research (81): 337-341.
Wakefield, W. 1990. Patterns in the distribution of demersal fishes on the upper continental slope off central California with studies on the role of ontogenetic vertical migration in particle flux. Tesis de doctorado, University of California, San Diego, CA, Estados Unidos de América.
Yokota, K., Kiyota, M. y Minami, H. 2006. Shark catch in a pelagic longline fishery: comparison of circle and tuna hooks. Fisheries Research (81): 337-341.
Zar, J. 1996. Biostatistical analysis. (3a Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall Inc, New Jersey.
Best, E. 1964. Spawning of longspine channel rockfish, Sebastolobus altivelis. California fish and game (50):265-267.
Beverton, R. y Holt, S. 1966. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. Fishery Investigations, London, Series 2(19): 533.
Bigelow, K., Boggs, C. y He, X., 1999. Environmental effects on swordfish and blue shark catch rate in the US North Pacific longline fishery. Fisheries Oceanography 8 (3): 178-198.
Bjordal, Ǻ. y Løkkeborg. S. 1996. Longlining. Fishing News Books. Blackwell Science, London.
Blaha, F., 2003. Bait for longlining fishery on snapper (Pagrus auratus). Tesis de Maestría, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Broadhurst, M. y Hazin, H. 2001. Influences of type and orientation of bait on catch of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and other species in artisanal sub-surface longline fishery off northeastern Brazil. Fisheries Research (53): 169-179.
Csirke, J. 2005. Producción y situación mundial de los recursos pesqueros marinos. En: FAO. Editor. Examen de la situación de los recursos pesqueros marinos mundiales. Documento Técnico de Pesca FAO, Roma.
Csirke, J., Gumy, A., Lleonart, J., González de la Rocha, J., Seijo, J.C., Sosa, E. y Martínez-Cordero, F.J. 2005. Evaluación para el fortalecimiento del Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. FAO, Roma.
Diario Oficial de la Federación, 2007. Norma oficial mexicana. NOM-029-PESC-2006. Pesca responsable de tiburones y rayas. Especificación para su aprovechamiento. Secretaría de Gobernación, México D.F.
Erzini, K., Gonçalves, J., Bentes, L., Lino, P. y Ribeiro, J. 1997. Longline selectivity and biology of “red” seabreams (Sparidae). Final Report, Project Ref. Besugo C/1 94/059. European Commission, DGXIV Fisheries, Universida de do Algarve, UCTRA.
Fay, G. 2006. Stock Assessment and Status of Longspine Thornyhead (Sebastolobus altivelis) off California, Oregon and Washington in 2005 Draft for September PFMC Meeting 30th August 2005. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Washington D.C.
Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. y Niem, V. 1995. Guía FAO para la identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2. FAO. Roma.
Flores, J., Chávez, O. y Jiménez, Q. 2009. Captura de Eptatretus stoutii frente a la Costa Noroccidental de la Baja California, México, 2006-2008. Ciencia Pesquera 2 (17) 53-64.
Haigh, R. y Schnute, J. 2003. The Longspine Thornyhead fishery along the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada: portrait of a developing fishery. North American Journal of Fisheries Management (23): 120-140.
Haigh, R., Olsen, N. y Starr, P. 2005. A review of longspine thornyhead Sebastolobus altivelis along the Pacific coast of Canada: Biology, distribution, and abundance trends. Canadian stock assessment advisory. Research document 2005/097, Fisheries and Oceans, Otawwa.
Ianelli, J., Lauth, R. y Jacobson, L. 1994. Status of the thornyhead (Sebastolobus sp.) resource in 1994. Appendix D. En: Status of the Pacific coast groundfish fishery through 1994 and recommended acceptable biological catches for 1995. Editor. Appendix (1): Stock assessment and fishery evaluation. Pacific Fishery Management Council, Portland, Oregon.
INP, 1976. Catálogo de Peces Marinos Mexicanos. Secretaría de Industria y Comercio. Subsecretaria de Pesca, Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. México, D. F., México.
INP, 2004. Carta Nacional Pesquera. Diario Oficial de la Federación. Subsecretaria de Pesca, Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. México, D. F., México.
Jacobson, L. 1991. Thornyheads stock assessment for 1991. En: appendices to the Status of the Pacific coast groundfish fishery through 1990 and recommended acceptable biological catches for 1991. Appendix (1): Stock Assessment and fishery evaluation. PFMC. Portland, Oregon.
Jacobsen, J. y Joensen, J. 2004. Comparison of bait in longline fishery. Tesis Biologia, University of Faroe Island, Faroe Island, Denmark.
Jacobson, L. y Vetter, R. 1996. Bathymetric demography and niche separation of thornyhead rockfish: Sebastolobus alascanus and Sebastablobus altivelis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (53): 600-609.
Kerstetter, D. y Graves, J. 2006. Effects of the circle versus J-style hooks on target and no-target species in a pelagic longline fisheries. Fisheries Research (80): 239-250.
Kimura, D. y Zenger, H. 1997. Standardizing sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) long-line survey abundance indices by modeling the log-ratio of paired comparative fishing CPUES. ICES, Journal of Marine Science (54): 48-59.
Løkkeborg, S. y Bjordal, Å. 1992. Species and size selectivity in long line fishing: a review. Fisheries Research (13): 311-322.
Love, M., Yoklavich, M. y Thorsteinson, L. 2002. The Rockfishes of the Northeast Pacific. University of California Press, Berkley, California.
Miller, D. y Lea, R., 1972. Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. Fish Bullettin 157, Department Fish and Game, California.
Moser, H. 1974. Development and distribution of larvae and juveniles of Sebastolobus (Pisces; family Scorpaenidae). Fishery Bulletin (72): 865-884.
Orr, J., Brown, M. y Baker, D. 1998. Guide to Rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of the Genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-95, Seattle.
Pearcy, W. 1962. Egg masses and early developmental stages of the scorpaneid fish, Sebastolobus. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada (19): 1169-1173.
Pearson, K. y Gunderson, D. 2003. Reproductive biology and ecology of shortspine thornyhead rockf ish, Sebastolobus alascanus, and longspine thornyhead rockfish, S. altivelis, from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Environmental Biology of Fishes (67):11−136.
Ralston, S. 1990. Size selection of snappers (Lutjanidae) by hook and line gear. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (47): 696-700.
Rogers, J., Jacobson, L., Lauth, R., Ianelli, J. y Wilkins, M. 1997. Status of the Thornyhead (Sebastolobus sp.) Resource in 1997. En: Pacific Fishery Management Council. 1997. Appendix: Status of the Pacific Coast Groundfishery Through 1997 and Recommended Biological Catches for 1998: Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation. Pacific Fishery Management Council. Portland, Oregon.
Santana, H., Macías, R. y Valdez, J. 1998. Selectividad del sistema de palangre utilizado por la flota mexicana en la zona económica exclusiva. Ciencias Marinas (24): 193-210.
Siebenaller, J., 1978. Genetic variability in deep-sea fishes of the genus Sebastolobus (Scorpaenidae). En: Battaglia, B. y Beardmore, J.A. Editor. Marine organisms: genetics, ecology and evolution. Plennum Press, New York.
Siebenaller, J. y Somero, G. 1982. The Maintenance of different enzyme activity levels in congeneric fishes living at different depths. Physiological Zoology (55): 171-179.
Smith Jr., K. y Brown, N. 1983. Oxygen consumption of pelagic juveniles and demersal adults of the deep-sea fish Sebastolobus altivelis, measured at depth. Marine Biology (76): 325-332.
Sokal, R. y Rohlf, F. 1981. USA, Freeman, Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in Biological Research. Freeman and Company, New York.
Starr, P. y. Haigh, R. 2000. Assessment of the Canadian longspine thornyhead (Sebastolobus altivelis) for 2000. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat. Nanaimo, British Columbia.
Thomson, D., Findley, L. y Kerstitch, A. 1979. Reef Fishes of the Sea of Cortez. Wiley, Nueva York,
Vetter, R. y Lynn, E. 1997. Bathymetric demography, enzyme activity patterns, and bioenergetics of deep-living scorpaenid fishes (genera Sebastes and Sebastolobus): paradigms revisited. Marine Ecology Progress Series (155): 173-188.
Wakefield, W. 1990. Patterns in the distribution of demersal fishes on the upper continental slope off central California with studies on the role of ontogenetic vertical migration in particle flux. Tesis de doctorado. University of California. San Diego, CA.
Wakefield, W. y Smith. Jr, K. 1990. Ontogenetic vertical migration in Sebastolobus altivelis as a mechanism for transport of particulate organic matter at continental slope depths. Limnology and Oceanography (35): 1314-1328.
Yokota, K., Kiyota, M. y Minami, H. 2006. Shark catch in a pelagic longline fishery: comparison of circle and tuna hooks. Fisheries Research (81): 337-341.
Wakefield, W. 1990. Patterns in the distribution of demersal fishes on the upper continental slope off central California with studies on the role of ontogenetic vertical migration in particle flux. Tesis de doctorado, University of California, San Diego, CA, Estados Unidos de América.
Yokota, K., Kiyota, M. y Minami, H. 2006. Shark catch in a pelagic longline fishery: comparison of circle and tuna hooks. Fisheries Research (81): 337-341.
Zar, J. 1996. Biostatistical analysis. (3a Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall Inc, New Jersey.
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