La facilitación como un mecanismo que incrementa la diversidad vegetal en ambientes extremos

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Publicado: jun. 21, 2015
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interacción planta-planta, estrés abiótico, comunidad vegetal

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Nilsen L. Lasso-Rivas
Universidad del Pacífico

Resumen

Tradicionalmente se consideró que las interacciones negativas entre especies de plantas eran la fuerza modeladora de la estructura y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, mientras las interacciones positivas eran de poca importancia en ese sentido. Dicha visión ha cambiado en las últimas décadas y actualmente se considera que las interacciones de tipo positivo, también juegan un papel importante para la estructuración y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. La facilitación es un tipo de interacción positiva no trófica, que se produce entre plantas fisiológicamente independientes y que está mediada a través de cambios en el entorno abiótico o a través de otros organismos. La mayor parte de la investigación realizada en el campo de la facilitación en los últimos veinte años se ha desarrollado a partir de la hipótesis del gradiente de estrés (HGE). La facilitación puede actuar directa o indirectamente a través de diferentes mecanismos. Los resultados de múltiples investigaciones, indican que la facilitación puede aumentar la diversidad de las especies vegetales en ambientes extremos, donde la presencia de una especie nodriza modifica el ambiente de manera tal, que resulta en una reducción en la frecuencia e intensidad de alguna perturbación física o estrés, permitiendo que las especies menos tolerantes puedan sobrevivir. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que cuantifiquen el número de especies que se agregan a una comunidad debido a la facilitación, así el reto es diseñar experimentos y estudios que permitan cuantificar la importancia relativa de la facilitación para el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad en ecosistemas extremos.

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Lasso-Rivas, N. L. (2015). La facilitación como un mecanismo que incrementa la diversidad vegetal en ambientes extremos. Intropica, 10(1), 93–99. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.unimagdalena.edu.co/index.php/intropica/article/view/1651
Número
Volumen 10, enero-diciembre de 2015
Sección
Artículo de reflexión
Biografía del autor/a

Nilsen L. Lasso-Rivas, Universidad del Pacífico

Programa de Agronomía, Universidad del Pacífico, Buenaventura

Citas

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