Tolerancia política y conocimiento cívico en estudiantes colombianos: un análisis a partir de los resultados del estudio internacional de educación cívica y formación ciudadana 2022
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La tolerancia política y el conocimiento cívico son dimensiones fundamentales para comprender la vida democrática y la formación ciudadana en el ámbito escolar. Desde esta perspectiva, se propuso analizar la relación entre estos dos atributos en estudiantes colombianos, considerando el efecto del género y el nivel socioeconómico, a partir de los datos del Estudio Internacional de Educación Cívica y Formación Ciudadana (ICCS 2022). Metodológicamente, se aplicó un diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional. Se realizaron los análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio para validar el constructo de tolerancia, complementados con técnicas de reducción de datos, regresión lineal y mediación, sobre una muestra nacional de 4.193 alumnos. Los resultados evidenciaron una asociación positiva y significativa entre los dos constructos (r=0,38; p<0,001), con efectos menores del nivel socioeconómico y el género. Asimismo, el conocimiento cívico medió parcialmente la relación entre el nivel socioeconómico y la tolerancia política, mientras que el contexto escolar explicó una porción moderada de la variabilidad de las actitudes democráticas. Se concluyó que el conocimiento cívico mantiene un vínculo consistente con actitudes favorables hacia la tolerancia política, lo que sugiere que los aprendizajes cívicos en la escuela pueden favorecer disposiciones democráticas inclusivas.
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