Efectividad de tareas computarizadas de Lumosity® para mejorar las funciones ejecutivas en niños con TEA
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El uso de herramientas digitales para el entrenamiento cognitivo en niños con trastorno del espectro autista ha mostrado potencial como complemento a las terapias tradicionales, aunque su evidencia aún es limitada. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de un programa computarizado de estimulación de funciones ejecutivas mediante la plataforma Lumosity®, en una muestra de 47 niños entre 6 y 12 años con diagnóstico clínico de TEA nivel 1 y funcionamiento cognitivo normativo. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental con asignación no probabilística a un grupo experimental, que recibió entrenamiento digital durante 16 semanas, y a un grupo control activo con intervención psicoeducativa. Se aplicaron evaluaciones estandarizadas antes y después de la intervención, centradas en memoria de trabajo, control inhibitorio y planificación. Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en el grupo experimental frente al control, con tamaños de efecto moderados a grandes, destacando un impacto mayor en control inhibitorio y planificación. Se concluye que el uso de plataformas digitales con enfoque lúdico puede ser una alternativa eficaz para fortalecer habilidades cognitivas asociadas a la autonomía, el aprendizaje y la adaptación funcional, aportando evidencia a favor de su incorporación en programas de intervención dirigidos a niños con TEA.
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