Programas educativos para promover la lactancia materna exclusiva desde la determinación social de la salud: una revisión narrativa
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La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) es una intervención eficaz para reducir la morbimortalidad infantil, aunque sus tasas globales siguen por debajo de las recomendaciones internacionales. Esta revisión narrativa analiza la evidencia científica disponible sobre los programas educativos orientados a promover la LME y interpreta sus resultados desde el enfoque de la determinación social de la salud. Los programas educativos que combinan educación prenatal, acompañamiento posparto y apoyo comunitario muestran efectos positivos en la duración de la LME. Sin embargo, su efectividad es heterogénea y está condicionada por determinantes estructurales, como las condiciones laborales, el acceso a los servicios de salud y las políticas de protección de la maternidad. Las intervenciones culturalmente adaptadas y el uso de tecnologías de la información amplían la cobertura, pero enfrentan desafíos de equidad. Se concluye que la promoción de la LME requiere estrategias integrales que articulen programas educativos, el fortalecimiento de los servicios de salud y las políticas públicas. El enfoque de determinación social permite identificar barreras estructurales y orientar intervenciones más equitativas.
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