Factores de riesgo de rinitis alérgica en una comunidad universitaria
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Introducción: la rinitis alérgica (RA) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de alta prevalencia a nivel mundial, con un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida. Colombia ocupa el quinto lugar a nivel mundial en la prevalencia de síntomas de rinitis y de conjuntivitis alérgicas en adolescentes. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de RA y sus factores de riesgo asociados en una comunidad universitaria. Método: se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a voluntarios seleccionados mediante muestreo de oportunidad en una universidad privada de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Para el diagnóstico de RA se empleó el Cuestionario Diagnóstico de RA para Estudios Epidemiológicos; además, se evaluaron 11 factores de riesgo y aspectos sociodemográficos de los participantes. Resultados: participaron 597 estudiantes; 25,80% presentaba RA. La prevalencia fue mayor en personas de menor edad y en estudiantes con antecedentes familiares (OR=2,95; IC95%=1,85–4,70). La humedad en la vivienda (OR=2,80; IC95% 1,20–6,50), el nivel educativo universitario de los padres (OR=1,65; IC95% 1,05–2,58) y el uso de desinfectantes en casa (OR=6,90; IC95% 3,50–13,50) son factores asociados al padecimiento de RA. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de RA fue elevada y se asoció a factores genéticos y ambientales.
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